Evaluation of the Vietnamese A6 mortality reporting system: injury as a cause of death

Stevenson, Mark; Le, Ngoan Tran; Hưng, Đặng Việt; Tu, Nguyen Thi Huong; Luong, Anh Mai; Ivers, Rebecca; Hương, Hoàng Thanh

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2011-040261

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…16 Until now, the most recent study was the National Health Suvey 28 (n = 2481), which was undertaken 12 years ago and a VA study (of only 189 deaths) in FilaBavi. 9,23 It is important to consider the limitations of this study when interpreting the findings-namely, the study relied on the recall of events by household members (34% of the 5613 cases had not been admitted to hospital) 10 and by accessing hospital records to develop the VA databases; each has well-documented limitations in relation to capturing the leading causes of death. 9,18 As highlighted, the study was undertaken in only 3 provinces (there are a total of 63 provinces in Viet Nam), yet despite the few provinces captured, we selected provinces that represented the geographic distribution of Viet Nam, with Bac Ninh in the northern red delta river region, Lam Dong in the central highlands region, and Ben Tre in the southern Mekong delta region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 However, no systematic evaluation of the A6 system has been undertaken in relation to all-cause mortality or to enumerate (subject to its robustness) age-standardized mortality rates (ASRs) for all causes of death. The proposed study, therefore, assesses the completeness, sensitivity, and positive predictive value of the system in relation to all-cause mortality and estimates the age-specific mortality rates for Viet Nam.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Vietnamese A6 Mortality Reporting System

Stevenson

Hưng

Hoang

et al. 2015

Asia Pac J Public Health

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There has been no systematic evaluation of Viet Nam's A6 mortality reporting system. An evaluation was undertaken in 3 provinces in Viet Nam. Deaths identified in the A6 system were compared with deaths identified by an independent consensus panel to determine the percentage completeness of the A6 system. Verbal autopsies (VAs) were conducted for all identified deaths from the consensus panels, and the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the A6 system was assessed. The sensitivity of the A6 system varied depending on the cause of death, with the sensitivity of the system being excellent for injury (sensitivity = 75.4%), cancer (sensitivity = 66.9%), and circulatory diseases (sensitivity = 63.1%). The A6 mortality reporting system performs well in relation to its completeness and classification of 3 leading causes of death—namely, circulatory disease, cancer, and injury. With further enhancements and ongoing support from government and donor agencies, the A6 system will be a valuable resource.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Vietnamese A6 Mortality Reporting System

Stevenson

Hưng

Hoang

et al. 2015

Asia Pac J Public Health

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“…Previous studies have validated the data from the A6 system, demonstrating that they are of good quality. 13,14 In this study, we obtained data from the HCM City health department for January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2013, which included data from 322 community health centers in 24 districts of HCM City. The data contain 101 897 mortalities, with information about the date of death, sex, age, and cause of death as classified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (http://apps.who.int/ classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en).…”

Section: Data Source and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Space and Deaths Attributable to the Urban Heat Island Effect in Ho Chi Minh City

et al. 2018

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Objectives. To quantify heat-related deaths in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, caused by the urban heat island (UHI) and explore factors that may alleviate the impact of UHIs.Methods. We estimated district-specific meteorological conditions from 2010 to 2013using the dynamic downscaling model and calculated the attributable fraction and number of mortalities resulting from the total, extreme, and mild heat in each district. The difference in attributable fraction of total heat between the central and outer districts was classified as the attributable fraction resulting from the UHI. The association among attributable fraction, attributable number with a green space, population density, and budget revenue of each district was then explored.Results. The temperature-mortality relationship between the central and outer areas was almost identical. The attributable fraction resulting from the UHI was 0.42%, which was contributed by the difference in temperature distribution between the 2 areas. Every 1-squarekilometer increase in green space per 1000 people can prevent 7.4 deaths caused by heat. urban and surrounding rural areas. The UHI effect can also be observed within a city (i.e., when the inner city is warmer than the outer city). People living in urban areas, especially the inner areas of cities, are subsequently exposed to excessive heat. From a health perspective, this is concerning because it can increase heat-related mortality and morbidity risks. More than half of the global population lives in urban areas, and this proportion is expected to rise to 85% by 2100. 5 Therefore, the impact of UHIs on human health could be substantial and will likely be amplified in the future. In this study, we focused on the UHI effect within a city. Previous studies have investigated heat-related mortality variations within particular cities; however, they either lack spatial temperature data at finer scales (such as at the district level within a city) 6-8 or neglect district-specific mortality. 9 This has hindered their ability to compare the mortality-temperature association between the central and outer districts of the same city. In addition, to our knowledge no study has directly quantified the magnitude of the UHI effect on mortality (i.e., the number of deaths attributable to the UHI effect). City authorities are now considering some UHI mitigation activities, such as land-use planning and tree planting. 10 These activities, however, need to be supported by empirical studies that can answer questions such as "To what extent does the UHI effect cause mortality?" and "To what extent can the planting of trees/green space prevent deaths caused by the UHI effect?" Here, we examine these questions by quantifying the deaths attributable to the UHI effect in Ho Chi Minh (HCM) City, Vietnam, and exploring factors that may alleviate UHI impacts. HCM City is a tropical megacity undergoing rapid urbanization, and it is the most populous city in Vietnam; thus, it offers an interesting setting for this study.

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“…The majority of VA reports are not completed by doctors or medically trained people resulting in concerns about the accuracy of VA data 2–4. The General Statistics Office of Vietnam currently publishes VA reports via the A6 Mortality Reporting System to identify the number of deaths and their causes 5. Limited data are also available from three mortality databases for children 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 2012 study of 5273 deaths in Vietnam recorded by the A6 Mortality Reporting System (reliant on VA reports) found 14% of deaths were caused by injuries (n=763/5273), with an overall injury mortality rate of 55.3 persons per 100 000 person-years 11. A study of 2800 households in seven districts in Hanoi found deaths from an injury were the leading cause of death for children aged under 18 years 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%