“Evaluation of the use of modified coal ash as a potential sorbent for organic waste streams”[Applied Geochemistry 17 (2002) 1159–1164]

Unburned carbon as a low-cost adsorbent for treatment of methylene blue-containing wastewater

“…After 800 h, equilibrium still could not been reached, suggesting that diffusion of dye molecules into the small pores of the carbon is difficult and takes a long time. The amount of adsorption is at 5.8 × 10 −4 mol/g at a concentration of 2.2 × 10 −5 M. This is much higher than the values of the zeolite converted from fly ash (0.034 mmol/g) [21] and activated carbon derived from coconut shell (0.052 mmol/g) [22]. Fig.…”

Role of Fly Ash in the Removal of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater

“…Surface characteristics such as the specific surface area and pH of the zero point of charge (pHZPC) were investigated. [36][37][38] It was reported that the specific surface area is from <1 m 2 /g to dozens of m 2 /g depending on the carbon content. [36][37][38] Research 39,40 has shown that the pHZPC are between 2.4 and 7.0.…”

Superior dye adsorption capacity of amorphous WO3 sub-micrometer rods fabricated by glancing angle deposition

“…[4][5][6] The use of silica, zeolites, peat, and chitin as adsorbents is limited as they cannot meet the growing industrial demand due to their limited adsorption capacity. 4,[7][8][9][10] Powdered or granular activated carbon has been considered as an excellent adsorbent material. 6,[11][12][13] Nevertheless, carbon-based materials must be treated as hazardous waste when thorough removal is required for trace amounts of toxic dye effluents.…”