Evaluation of The Triage System for Emergency Drugs-of-Abuse Testing in Urine

Abstract

The Triage Panel for Drugs of Abuse (DOA) was evaluated for detection of phencyclidine (PCP), amphetamines (AMPH), opiates (OPI), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE), and barbiturates (BARB) in urine. This assay was compared with Syva EMIT. The comparisons were conducted on 606 positive and 325 negative samples. When there was a sufficient volume of sample available for retesting, positive and negative samples with discordant results between these two screening assays were confirmed by quantitative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The percent agreement between the two assays for positive samples ranged from 93 to 100%. For negative samples, the agreement ranged from 95 to 100%. For AMPH, 19 out of 27 discordant samples of urine that were positive for EMIT and negative for Triage DOA contained total amphetamine and methamphetamine concentrations of less than 1000 ng/mL by GC/MS. For THC, seven urine samples that were negative for Triage DOA and positive for EMIT contained 9-carboxy THC concentrations at greater than 15 ng/mL by GC/MS. For BARB, three samples that were negative for Triage DOA and positive for EMIT contained barbiturates levels greater than 300 ng/mL. Two of these three samples contained phenobarbital below the concentration that produces a positive result for Triage DOA. For the majority of the urine samples studied, however, the Triage DOA produced identical results to a commercial-instrument-based immunoassay.

Subcortical Hemorrhage Caused by Methamphetamine Abuse: Efficacy of the Triage System in the Differential Diagnosis. Case Report.

“…Introduction of this system into the emergency room in recent years has facilitated the differential diagnosis of patients who present with consciousness disturbance. 8) The false-positive or false-negative rates are not negligible, but the test is relatively reliable if followed by more quantitative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. 8) The half-life of methamphetamine in humans is 4 to 5 hours, so the urine or blood sample should be collected and submitted to the laboratory within the day of admission.…”

“…8) The false-positive or false-negative rates are not negligible, but the test is relatively reliable if followed by more quantitative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. 8) The half-life of methamphetamine in humans is 4 to 5 hours, so the urine or blood sample should be collected and submitted to the laboratory within the day of admission. 6) Cerebral angiography should be the primary examination for young patients with ICH to detect possible vascular anomalies, and the triage system is particularly efficacious in patients without angiographical abnormalities.…”

Frontline ® immunochromatographic device for on-site urine testing of amphetamines: laboratory validation using authentic specimens

“…However, other studies have given better results, and both equivalent and superior results to laboratorytest measurementshave been reported. 3,5,8 Nonetheless, one comprehensive study demonstrated somewhat lower ef®ciency of on-site test devices when compared with techniques used by professional laboratories. 4 …”

Évaluation de tests de dépistage des drogues sur le terrain

“…Celles-ci sont issues entre autres d'un récent rapport sur l'exactitude et la facilité d'emploi des tests de terrain publié par le Dr. Dennis J. Crouch (Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City), d'évaluations publiées dans diverses revues internationales (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), de posters présentés lors de congrès internationaux, de rapports internes fournis par les fabricants et distributeurs ainsi que de données disponibles sur le réseau Internet.…”