Evaluation of the Surface Hardness and Roughness of a Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to which bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNs) were added. BCNs were incorporated into the RMGIC powder in ratios of 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1% (w/w). One control and three experimental groups were enrolled in the study: unmodified RMGIC (control), 0.3% (w/w) BCN-modified RMGIC, 0.5% (w/w) BCN-modified RMGIC, and 1% (w/w) BCN-modified RMGIC. The surface hardness and surface roughness were the parameters assessed. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests for surface hardness and roughness, respectively. The addition of BCN resulted in the improvement of surface roughness in all the specimens compared with the control material. The RMGIC modified by 1% (w/w) BCN showed the lowest surface roughness (decreased by 52%) among all tested groups. However, BCN had a negative effect on the surface hardness of RMGIC. The group with 0.3% (w/w) BCN had the least decrease in microhardness (13%). According to the results, the RMGIC group modified by 1% (w/w) BCN had a smoother surface than the other groups. The surface microhardness of the RMGIC decreased after BCNs were added to it.

Zinc-modified phosphate-based glass micro-filler improves Candida albicans resistance of auto-polymerized acrylic resin without altering mechanical performance

“…Most fillers are intended to augment microbial resistance 20 . To eliminate C. albicans, both micro-fillers and nano-fillers have been proposed [21][22][23] . Among these inorganic materials, zinc ions in particular have been explored as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials in dental materials 24,25 .…”

Smart Monochromatic Composite: A Literature Review

“…It could be interesting in the future to test the present material in terms of fexural strength and hardness [67,68].…”

“…It could be interesting in the future to test the present material in terms of flexural strength and hardness [ 67 , 68 ]. Additionally, the mineral deposition should be assessed in order to gain more knowledge about this interesting recently introduced smart monochromatic composite [ 69 ].…”

Zinc-modified phosphate-based glass micro-filler improves Candida albicans resistance of auto-polymerized acrylic resin without altering mechanical performance

“…Most llers are intended to augment microbial resistance 20 . To eliminate C. albicans, both micro-llers and nano-llers have been proposed [21][22][23] . Among these inorganic materials, zinc ions, in particular, have been explored as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials in dental materials 24,25 .…”

“…They seem to offer at least some microbial resistance 21,22 but alter mechanical properties 23 : increasing the additive percentage further improves the anti-candidal response at the expense of mechanical and physical properties 26,27 .…”