Evaluation of the short-term toxicity of nitrogenous compounds to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Colt, John; Tchobanoglous, George

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(76)90084-3

Cited by 130 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The results obtained in this study are within the toxicity range suggested by Abdalla & MacNabb (1998), in which the lethal concentration of unionized ammonia for fish varies between 0.32 e 3.1 mg/L. Several authors have described the lethal levels (LC 50 ) of total and unionized ammonia for different fish species (Lemarié et al, 2004), such as Ictalurus puntactus, 45 mg/L NH 3 + NH 4 + and 1.6 mg/L NH 3 (Colt & Tchobanoglous, 1976), Oncorhynchus mykiss, 22 mg/L NH 3 + NH 4 + and 0.3-0.6 mg/L NH 3 (Haywood, 1983), Odontesthes argentinensis, 0.76-0.96 mg/L NH 3 (Ostrensky & Brugger,1992;Sampaio & Minillo, 2000), and Cichlasoma facetum, 2.95 mg/L NH 3 (Piedras et al, 2006). The data obtained indicate that the cardinal tetra may be considered as to be tolerant to ammonia, which certainly facilitates its survival, especially during transport from Barcelos to Manaus, when the total ammonia can reach high concentrations (< 12 mg/L) (Waichman et al, 2001).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Tolerance to temperature, pH, ammonia and nitrite in cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi, an amazonian ornamental fish

et al. 2008

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Poor water quality condition has been pointed out as one of the major causes for the high mortality of ornamental fishes exported from the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The purpose of the current study was to define water quality standards for cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi), by establishing the lower and higher for lethal temperature (LT 50 ), lethal concentration (LC 50 ) for total ammonia and nitrite and LC 50 for acid and alkaline pH. According to the findings, cardinal tetra is rather tolerant to high temperature (33.3 o C), to a wide pH range (acid pH=2.9 and alkaline pH=8.8) and to high total ammonia concentration (23.7 mg/L). However, temperatures below 19.6 o C and nitrite concentrations above 1.1 mg/L NO 2 -may compromise fish survival especially during long shipment abroad.KeywoRdS: 96-h LC 50 , ornamental fish, Paracheirodon axelrodi, water quality. Tolerância a temperatura, pH, amônia e nitrito do cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi, um peixe ornamental da AmazôniaReSUMo A má qualidade da água tem sido apontada como uma das maiores causas da alta mortalidade dos peixes ornamentais exportados pelo Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. A proposta deste estudo foi definir padrões de qualidade da água para o cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi), estabelecendo a menor e a maior temperatura letal (LT 50 ), a concentração letal (LC 50 ) para amônia total e nitrito e LC 50 para pH ácido e alcalino. De acordo com os resultados, o cardinal tetra é mais tolerante a temperaturas elevadas (33,3 o C), a amplos limites de pH (pH ácido = 2,9 e pH alcalino = 8,8) e a alta concentração de amônia (23,7 mg/L). Entretanto, temperaturas abaixo de 19,6 o C e concentrações de nitrito acima de 1,1 mg/L NO 2 -podem comprometer a sobrevivência dos peixes, especialmente durante longos períodos de transporte para o exterior.PAlAvRAS-ChAve: 96-h LC 50 , Paracheirodon axelrodi, peixe ornamental, qualidade da água.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Tolerance to temperature, pH, ammonia and nitrite in cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi, an amazonian ornamental fish

et al. 2008

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“…This is well below reported 96-hr LC 50 values for catfish of 0.4-3.1 mg/lNH 3 -N (Colt & Tchobanoglous, 1976;Ball, 1967). However, prolonged exposure to low concentrations of unionized ammonia may have serious consequences on fish health including reduced growth (Colt & Tchobanoglous, 1979) and causing histological lesions on the gills (Flis, 1963).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Relationships between phytoplankton periodicity and the concentrations of total and unionized ammonia in channel catfish ponds

1984

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Phytoplankton abundance fluctuated throughout a 9 month study period in two 1.62 ha channel catfish (Ictaluruspunctatus) production ponds. Summer phytoplankton communities in both ponds were dominated by blue-green algae (Cyanophyta). During periods of rapidly decreasing phytoplankton abundance, total ammonia-nitrogen concentrations increased but a decrease in pH during these same periods moderated the concentrations of unionized ammonia-nitrogen. Although unionized ammonia-nitrogen concentrations did not reach levels considered acutely toxic to fish, extended periods of moderately high unionized ammonianitrogen concentrations (>0.15 mg/ 1) occurred in the late fall months and may have serious implications for fish health.

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“…Over a relatively small range (22-30°C), Colt and Tchobanoglous (1976) showed no significant relationship between nitrite toxicity and temperature. In the study of Huey et al (1984), channel catfish kept at 30°C in the presence of 0.91 mg/l nitrite-N over a period 24 hours developed methaemoglobin concentrations almost twice as high as those of fish held at 10°C.…”

Section: Oxygen and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite influence on fish: a review

Kroupová¹,

Máchová²,

Svobodová³

2005

Vet. Med.

194

117

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ABSTRACT:Nitrite is an intermediate in the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate. An elevated ambient nitrite concentration is a potential problem for freshwater fish since nitrite is actively taken up across the gills in competition with chloride. Nitrite is a well-known toxicant for fish as well as a disrupter of multiple physiological functions including ion regulatory, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and excretory processes. One critical consequence of nitrite accumulation is the oxidation of haemoglobin to methaemoglobin, compromising blood oxygen transport. Nitrite toxicity to fish varies considerably and depends on a large number of external and internal factors. Among the most important ones are water quality (e.g. pH, temperature, cation, anion and oxygen concentration), length of exposure, fish species, fish size and age, and individual fish susceptibility. Chloride concentration in water is considered one of the most important factors influencing nitrite toxicity to fish. The importance of individual factors is assessed and re-evaluated continuously.

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Evaluation of the short-term toxicity of nitrogenous compounds to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Cited by 130 publications

References 14 publications

Tolerance to temperature, pH, ammonia and nitrite in cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi, an amazonian ornamental fish

Tolerance to temperature, pH, ammonia and nitrite in cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi, an amazonian ornamental fish

Relationships between phytoplankton periodicity and the concentrations of total and unionized ammonia in channel catfish ponds

Nitrite influence on fish: a review

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