Relationships between phytoplankton periodicity and the concentrations of total and unionized ammonia in channel catfish ponds

Tucker, Craig S.; Lloyd, Steven W.; Busch, R. L.

doi:10.1007/bf00007383

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Fortunately, ammonia is generally low when phytoplankton populations are high with corresponding high pH values and percentages of unionized ammonia. The relationship between phytoplankton periodicity, pH, and concentrations of TAN and unionized ammonia in these shrimp ponds were very similar to that described for freshwater catfish ponds by Tucker et al (1984). Ammonia concentrations were low initially but the magnitude of fluctuations and, thus, average concentration tended to increase as the season progressed.…”

Section: Water Quality Of Inlet Water and Various Water-exchangehtocontrasting

confidence: 60%

Effect of Water Exchange Rate on Production, Water Quality, Effluent Characteristics and Nitrogen Budgets of Intensive Shrimp Ponds

Hopkins¹,

Hamilton²,

Sandier³

et al. 1993

J World Aquaculture Soc

222

108

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Water exchange is routinely used in shrimp culture. However, there are few, if any, systematic investigations upon which to base exchange rates. Furthermore, environmental impacts of pond effluent threaten to hinder further development of shrimp farming in the U.S. The present study was designed to determine effects of normal (25.0%/d), reduced (2.5%/d) and no (0%/d) water exchange on water quality and production in intensive shrimp ponds stocked with Penaeus setiferus at 44 postlarvae/m2. Additional no‐exchange ponds were stocked with 22 and 66 postlarvae/m2 to explore density effects. Water exchange rates and stocking density influenced most water quality parameters measured, including dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, Kjeldahl nitrogen, soluble orthophosphate, biochemical oxygen demand, phytoplankton and salinity. Reduced‐exchange and no‐exchange treatments resulted in reduced potential for environmental impact. Mass balance of nitrogen for the system indicates that 13–46% of nitrogen input via feed is lost through nitrification and atmospheric diffusion. Growth and survival were excellent in ponds with normal exchange, reduced exchange, and a combination of low density with no water exchange. A combination of higher stocking density and no water exchange resulted in mass mortalities. Mortalities could not be attributed to a toxic effect of any one water quality parameter. Production was 6,400 kg/ha/crop with moderate stocking density (44/m2) and reduced (2.5%/d) water exchange and 3,200 kg/ha/crop with lower stocking density (22/m2) and no water exchange. Results indicate that typical water exchange rates used in intensive shrimp farms may be drastically reduced resulting in a cost savings to farms and reduced potential for environmental impact from effluent.

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Section: Water Quality Of Inlet Water and Various Water-exchangehtocontrasting

confidence: 60%

Effect of Water Exchange Rate on Production, Water Quality, Effluent Characteristics and Nitrogen Budgets of Intensive Shrimp Ponds

Hopkins¹,

Hamilton²,

Sandier³

et al. 1993

J World Aquaculture Soc

222

108

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show abstract

“…This is undesirable because high pH stresses fish. Ponds to which feed is applied also may have elevated total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration (Tucker et al ; Zhou and Boyd ). At elevated pH, a high proportion of the ammonia nitrogen is in the toxic, ammonia (NH 3 ) form as opposed to the less toxic ammonium (NH 4 + ) form

{normalN normalH}_{3} + H^{+} {= N H}_{4}^{+}

…”

Section: Role Of Alkalinity and Hardness In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Alkalinity and Hardness: Critical but Elusive Concepts in Aquaculture

Boyd

Tucker²,

Somridhivej³

2016

J World Aquaculture Soc

194

143

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Total alkalinity and total hardness are familiar variables in aquatic animal production. Aquaculturists—both scientists and practitioners alike—have some understanding of the two variables and of methods for adjusting their concentrations. The chemistry and the biological effects of alkalinity and hardness, however, are more complex than generally realized or depicted in the aquaculture literature. Moreover, the discussions of alkalinity and hardness—alkalinity in particular—found in water chemistry texts are presented in a rigorous manner and without explanation of how the two variables relate to aquaculture. This review provides a thorough but less rigorous discussion of alkalinity and hardness specifically oriented toward aquaculture. Alkalinity and hardness are defined, their sources identified, and analytical methods explained. This is followed by a discussion of the roles of the two variables in aquaculture, including their relationships with carbon dioxide, pH, atmospheric pollution, ammonia, and other inorganic nitrogen compounds, phytoplankton communities, trace metals, animal physiology, and clay turbidity. Liming and other practices to manage alkalinity and hardness are explained. Changes in alkalinity and hardness concentrations that occur over time in aquaculture systems are discussed. Emphasis is placed on interactions among alkalinity, hardness, water quality, and aquacultural production.

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“…Because freshwater has low buffering effect, Carbondioxide can accumulate in the water, thus lowering the pH in ponds considerably and reducing the amount of un-ionized ammonia (Tucker et al, 1984). Marine fishponds have large carbonate alkalinity which buffers its effect resulting in relatively higher levels of un-ionized ammonia, which is toxic (Krom et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length-Weight relationship and condition factor of tilapia species grown in marine and fresh water ponds

Nehemia¹,

Maganira²,

Rumisha³

2012

ABJNA

110

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The aim of this study was to describe the differences in Length-Weight relationship and condition factor of Tilapia zillii and Oreochromis urolepis urolepis reared in full strength sea water (FSSW) and fresh water (FW) ponds. The environmental condition in FSSW and FW ponds were also analyzed to determine their impacts on Length-Weight relationship and condition factor on both species. The regression coefficient "b" exhibit negative allometric growth in FW and positive allometric growth in FSSW for both species. The value of exponent "b" and condition factor (K) for T. zillii in FW and FSSW (in the bracket) were found to be 2.94 (3.3) and 2.07 (0.74) respectively. On the other hand the value of exponent "b" and condition factor (K) for O. urolepis urolepis in FW and FSSW (in the bracket) were found to be 2.81 (3.46) and 0.86 (0.53) respectively. Though both species performed well in FW, the study also revelead that farming of these tilapia species in FSSW can be feasible if water quality parameters are properly monitored.

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Relationships between phytoplankton periodicity and the concentrations of total and unionized ammonia in channel catfish ponds

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Water Exchange Rate on Production, Water Quality, Effluent Characteristics and Nitrogen Budgets of Intensive Shrimp Ponds

Effect of Water Exchange Rate on Production, Water Quality, Effluent Characteristics and Nitrogen Budgets of Intensive Shrimp Ponds

Alkalinity and Hardness: Critical but Elusive Concepts in Aquaculture

Length-Weight relationship and condition factor of tilapia species grown in marine and fresh water ponds

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