Evaluation of the Response Time of Acoustic-Immittance Instruments

Lilly, David J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-643450-7.50009-3

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Most commercial immittance bridges have time constants up to 125 msec, and specification of this information is crucial for cross-study comparisons of results (Ruth & Niswander, 1976). As several investigators pointed out, interactions between temporal characteristics of acoustic-immittance instruments and morphology of recorded AR responses should be investigated (Lilly, 1984;Church & Cudahy, 1984).…”

Section: Normal Arlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acoustic reflex (AR) is a measurable change in the acoustic impedance of the tympanic membrane resulting from a contraction of the stapedius muscles induced by an intense acoustic stimulus (Borg, 1973(Borg, , 1982Lilly, 1984;Jerger et al, 1986). The AR test remains valuable as a diagnostic tool in today's audiological test battery (Clemis, 1984;Jerger & Hayes, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…AR latency (ARL) has been studied for more than 50 years (Perlman & Case, 1939) and is currently being evaluated for clinical application. ARL is defined as the time for the first detectable impedance change resulting from stapedius muscle contraction following an intense acoustic stimulation, that is, the time interval between the onset of an intense auditory stimulus and the onset of middle ear muscle contraction (Lilly, 1984). Measurement of ARL has been reported in experimental animals (Borg, 1982;Mangham, et al, 1983), normal-hearing human subjects and patients with sensorineural hearing loss (Neergaard & Rasmussen, 1966;Fertitta & Martin, 1973;Lidén et al, 1974;Norris et al, 1974;Strasser, 1975;Ruth & Niswander, 1976;Gorga & Stelmachowicz,1983;Mangham et al, 1983;Jerger et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Acoustic Reflex Latency in Normal-Hearing Subjects

Qiu

Stucker²

1998

Scandinavian Audiology

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Acoustic reflex latency (ARL) has been suggested as an indicator in otoneurological diagnosis. However, limited normative data are available. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the effect of stimulus parameters such as frequency on ARL. In addition, there has been little research investigating the effects of ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation on ARL. In view of these problems, ARL was measured in 30 normal-hearing subjects using 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz tones, low-pass noise, high-pass noise, broadband noise and clicks as activating stimuli. Six parameters of ARL: 10%-on latency, 90%-on latency, 10%-off latency, 90%-off latency, rise time and fall time, were recorded using computerized equipment and analyzed in correlation to the activating frequency and intensity. This study indicated that 500 Hz, 1000 Hz tones, and band noise were more effective in eliciting measurable ARL, whereas 4000 Hz tone and click produced a low percentage of measurable ARL. ARL was shown to increase as the stimulus frequency increased and stimulus intensity decreased. No statistically significant differences were found between the ipsilateral ARL and contralateral ARL.

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Section: Normal Arlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Acoustic Reflex Latency in Normal-Hearing Subjects

Qiu

Stucker²

1998

Scandinavian Audiology

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“…It refers to the time between the onset of high-intensity acoustic stimuli and stapedial reflex generation [21] . ARL has been measured in individuals with normal hearing and in those with sensorineural hearing loss and has been used for the differential diagnosis of cochlear and retrocochlear pathology [19,20,22,23] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Contralateral Noise on Acoustic Reflex Latency Measures

Prabhu

Divyashree²,

Neeraja³

et al. 2016

Int Adv Otol

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OBJECTIVE:The present study was conducted to determine the effect of contralateral broadband noise on acoustic reflex latency (ARL). MATERIALS and METHODS:Acoustic reflex latency changes for 10 and 90% on-and off-time acoustic reflexes with contralateral broadband noise were measured in 30 adults with normal hearing. RESULTS:The results of the study demonstrate that there was a latency prolongation for reflex on-time (10 and 90%) and latency reduction for reflex off-time (10 and 90%). This effect was seen for 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz reflex-eliciting signals. The results also showed that there was no effect of gender on latency changes in acoustic reflexes. CONCLUSIONS:Latency changes may explain efferent auditory system mechanisms used for the protection of the cochlea and improvement in speech perception. Thus, contralateral changes of ARL can serve as an additional tool to assess the efferent system functioning.

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“…It is believed that, of the two middle-ear muscles in humans, only the stapedius muscle contracts in response to sound as an acoustic reflex ͑Borg, 1973; Jerger and Northern, 1980͒. The reflex elicitation is normally measured acoustically by means of the middle ear's impedance change due to the middle-ear muscle contraction and hence the stiffening of the ossicular chain ͑Metz, 1951; Lilly, 1984͒. Detection of the reflex elicitation and assessment of its parameters are commonly used for clinical diagnostics of the hearing system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of neural synchronization and peripheral compression on the acoustic-reflex threshold

Müller-Wehlau

Mauermann

Dau

et al. 2005

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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This study investigates the acoustic reflex threshold (ART) dependency on stimulus phase utilizing low-level reflex audiometry [Neumann et al., Audiol. Neuro-Otol. 1, 359–369 (1996)]. The goal is to obtain optimal broadband stimuli for elicitation of the acoustic reflex and to obtain objective determinations of cochlear hearing loss. Three types of tone complexes with different phase characteristics were investigated: A stimulus that compensates for basilar-membrane dispersion, thus causing a large overall neural synchrony (basilar-membrane tone complex—BMTC), the temporally inversed stimulus (iBMTC), and random-phase tone complexes (rTC). The ARTs were measured in eight normal-hearing and six hearing-impaired subjects. Five different conditions of peak amplitude and stimulus repetition rate were used for each stimulus type. The results of the present study suggest that the ART is influenced by at least two different factors: (a) the degree of synchrony of neural activity across frequency, and (b) the fast-acting compression mechanism in the cochlea that is reduced in the case of a sensorineural hearing loss. The results allow a clear distinction of the two subjects groups based on the different ART for the utilized types and conditions of the stimuli. These differences might be useful for objective recruitment detection in clinical diagnostics.

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Evaluation of the Response Time of Acoustic-Immittance Instruments

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Characterization of Acoustic Reflex Latency in Normal-Hearing Subjects

Characterization of Acoustic Reflex Latency in Normal-Hearing Subjects

Effect of Contralateral Noise on Acoustic Reflex Latency Measures

The effects of neural synchronization and peripheral compression on the acoustic-reflex threshold

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