Evaluation of the Polymorphonuclear Cell Functions of Bottlenose Dolphins

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The functions of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) are the important non-specific defense mechanisms in the immune system. Especially marine mammals are protected by these mechanisms from the aquatic environment with a large variety of microorganisms. Therefore, we examined the PMN functions of bottlenose dolphins in order to obtain the normal ranges and to standardize the techniques. PMNs were isolated by using lymphocyte isolate solution whose density was 1.077; superoxide production was assessed by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) and phagocytosis was tested by using polystyrene latex beads. We showed that the optimal incubation time was 30 min in NBT assay and 12 hr in phagocytosis assay for dolphin PMNs.

Optical probes for detection and quantification of neutrophils’ oxidative burst. A review

“…•− production by neutrophils [108][109][110][111][112][113]. The structure that is common to tetrazolium salts corresponds to a positively charged quaternary tetrazole ring core containing four nitrogen atoms surrounded by three aromatic groups that usually involve phenyl moieties.…”

Relationship between Transportation Stress and Polymorphonuclear Cell Functions of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus

“…Separation and measurements of functions of PMN cells: For isolation of PMN cells and measurements of PMN cell function in the dolphins, we used methods previously reported by Noda et al [16].…”

“…For the evaluation of phagocytosis by PMN cells, polystyrene latex beads (diameter=1.0 mm; Polysciences, Inc., PA) were used, as described previously in Noda et al [16]. Briefly, after pre-incubating PMN cell suspension and autologous serum, 0.1% non-opsoniszed polystyrene latex beads solution was added to the cell suspension.…”

“…To evaluate superoxide production, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by PMN cells was evaluated using methods previously described in Noda et al [16]. The NBT reduction test was conducted in duplicate in 15 × 105 mm silicon-coated glass tubes.…”

“…White blood cell count, differential counts of leukocytes, and serum cortisol: Leukocytes were counted using a Celltac-α clinical auto-analyzer (Nihonkoden, Tokyo) [16]. Leukocyte differentiation was estimated by a blood smear stained with Giemsa solution.…”