Evaluation of the Palaearctic Eurithia consobrina (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a Potential Biocontrol Agent for Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Canada

Turnock, W. J.; Carl, K. P.

doi:10.1080/09583159550040015

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Several tachinids, Eurithia consobrina, Ceranthia samarensis and Athrycia cinerea, are known to enter pupal diapause in response to environmental conditions, such as photoperiod and temperature, irrespective of the host physiology (Wylie, 1977;Quednau, 1993;Turnock and Carl, 1995). On the other hand, in Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (ϭin-sidiosa) that enter diapause at the second maggot instar, host physiology is considered to be an important factor in the control of diapause (Grenier and Delobel, 1984;Ramadhane et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism and over-wintering status of tachinids (Diptera) on larvae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), in the Kanto Region of Japan

Watanabe

2005

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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I investigated seasonal changes in the levels of parasitism and the over-wintering status of tachinids on the larvae of Hyphantria cunea. Six species of tachinids were found to parasitize populations of H. cunea at Tsukuba, in central Japan. The rate of parasitism by tachinids was extremely high in the third host generation, especially during the wandering stage. The parasitization rate by the three dominant species, Exorista japonica, Drino inconspicuoides and Compsilura concinnata, was always higher in the wandering larvae than in the feeding larvae. The over-wintering strategy of tachinids differed between species; C. concinnata over-winters at the maggot stage and E. japonica at the early instar maggot and puparial stages. In E. japonica, the rate of over-wintering survival differed greatly between the two over-wintering strategies; individuals over-wintering at the maggot stage within hosts almost all succeeded in adult eclosion in the next year, whereas those over-wintering at the puparial stage out of hosts often died early in the next spring. Many E. japonica maggots over-wintered within hosts collected in late October, suggesting that parasitizing host larvae in late autumn is advantageous for E. japonica. This study provides evidence of different parasitic strategies in tachinid species that use H. cunea as a host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism and over-wintering status of tachinids (Diptera) on larvae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), in the Kanto Region of Japan

Watanabe

2005

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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“…To overcome this problem, neonate larvae of the biological control agent were transferred to the host larvae (Turnock and Carl, 1995; see also Fuester et al, 2001Fuester et al, , 2004. Similarly, Morehead and Feener (2000) carried out an experimental host range test for Apocephalus paraponerae Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae).…”

Section: No Choice -Black Box Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods Used to Assess Non-target Effects of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents of Arthropod Pests

2005

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The number of concerns regarding potential non-target effects of invertebrate biological control agents of arthropods has risen over the last decade and an increasing number of studies have since dealt with this topic. Despite some recent international initiatives aimed at providing guidance for risk assessment of biological control agents, detailed methods on how tests should be designed and conducted to assess for potential non-target effects still need to be provided. It is believed that this review comes at an ideal time, giving an overview of methods currently applied in the study of non-target effects in biological control of arthropod pests. It provides the first step towards the ultimate goal of devising guidelines for the appropriate methods that should be universally applied for the assessment and minimisation of potential non-target effects. The main topics that are reviewed here include host specificity (including field surveys, selection of non-target test species and testing protocols), post-release studies, competition, overwintering and dispersal. Finally, a number of conclusions that have emerged from this comprehensive compilation of studies are drawn, addressing potential non-target effects in arthropod biological control.

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“…25 (110) temperatures and cold exposures of 140 days, shows that this parameter can be altered by selection (Turnock & Carl, 1995).…”

Section: Upper Limit Of the Cold Injury Zone (Ulciz)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This relationship has been described by regression analysis of duration of exposure for several temperatures (e.g. Merivee, 1978), and a regression equation that combined temperatures and exposures within the cold injury zone was developed to predict non-freezing survival (Turnock et al, 1983;Lamb et al, 1985;Turnock et al, 1990;Turnock & Bilodeau, 1992;Turnock, 1993;Turnock & Carl, 1995;Turnock et al, 1998). The calculation of negative degree-days (DD) below 0°C assumes that a particular DD accumulation has the same impact on survival, regardless of the combination of temperature and time that is used (Bale, 1996).…”

Section: Predicting Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concept was developed in studies of freeze-susceptible insects overwintering in the soil of Temperate Oceanic and Temperate Cold Continental climates (Turnock et al, 1983(Turnock et al, , 1998Turnock & Bilodeau, 1992;Turnock, 1993;Turnock & Carl, 1995). Nedv d (1998) presented calculations of the ULCIZ for seven species, showing that the value was below 10°C for a tropical species, Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier, 1.3°C for a Collembolan overwintering in the surface litter in a Temperate Oceanic climate, and -6.6 to -15.6°C among three species overwintering in the soil in a Temperate Cold Continental climate.…”

Section: Upper Limit Of the Cold Injury Zone (Ulciz)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter climates and coldhardiness in terrestrial insects

Turnock¹,

Fields²

2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

111

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Abstract. Overwintering insects must avoid injury and death from the freezing of tissues and from metabolic disruptions associated with exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures. The winter climates of the world are classified in relation to insect overwintering on the basis of their minimum temperatures and the duration of the winter (when temperatures are below the thermal range for activity and development). Outside the Tropical Wet zone, the severity of exposure to cold (temperature, snowfall, duration of exposure, predictability, variability) can vary from a few days at 0°C to months below -20°C with extremes as low as -60°C. The severity of the temperature exposure may be ameliorated by the selection by insects of overwintering sites (exposed, partly-exposed, protected). The relationships among overwintering habitats, the minimum winter temperature in climatic zones, and the supercooling points (SCP) of over 350 terrestrial insects from published reports were examined. Variability in the SCP among insects within each climatic zone and habitat was wide. Among the freeze-susceptible species that overwintered in exposed or partly-protected habitats the SCP and the cold severity of climate were correlated. This was not the case for insects that overwintered in protected habitats. The SCP's of freeze-tolerant insects were generally higher than the freeze-susceptible insects, and the SCP's were not tightly linked with the cold severity of climatic zone. Insects, both freeze-susceptible and freeze-tolerant, overwintering in exposed habitats had lower SCP's than insects from habitats that offered some protection from ambient temperatures. Thirty-eight species had reports of SCP's for different geographical locations. Although there were occasionally differences in the SCP's, there was no consistent pattern of insects having lower SCP's when overwintering in colder habitats. The incidence of freeze-tolerance was higher in boreal and polar climatic zones than in climatic zones with warmer winters. Holometabola insects had a higher incidence of freeze-tolerance than hemimetabola insects. Suggestions for future research directions are outlined.

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Evaluation of the Palaearctic Eurithia consobrina (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a Potential Biocontrol Agent for Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Canada

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Parasitism and over-wintering status of tachinids (Diptera) on larvae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), in the Kanto Region of Japan

Parasitism and over-wintering status of tachinids (Diptera) on larvae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), in the Kanto Region of Japan

Methods Used to Assess Non-target Effects of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents of Arthropod Pests

Winter climates and coldhardiness in terrestrial insects

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