Evaluation of the Maximum Permissible Level of Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation at Mobile Connection Frequency (1 GHz) by Changes in Motor Activity of Spirostomum Ambiguum

Abstract

Electromagnetic radiation at the mobile connection frequency (1 GHz) at maximum energy flow density (10 microW/cm(2)) permitted in Russia causes serious functional disorders in the studied unicellular hydrobionts infusoria Spirostomum ambiguum: reduction of their spontaneous motor activity. The form of biological reaction is uncommon: the effect is threshold, overall, and does not depend on the duration of microwave exposure.

Comparison of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of plutonium-239 alpha particles and mobile phone GSM 900 radiation in the Allium cepa test

“…Additionally, the mobile phone radiation seems to have effects upon different biological species: bacteria [10], protozoa [11], plants [12,13], insects [14,15], amphibians [16], birds [17] and mammals [18][19][20][21]. These reports have contributed to a better knowledge of the interactions between EMF and living organisms.…”

Experimental Study of Relationship between Biological Hazards of Low-Dose Radiofrequency Exposure and Energy Flow Density in Spirostomum Ambiguum Infusoria Exposed at a Mobile Connection Frequency (1 GHz)

“…An exposure duration threshold was detected. At EFD of 10 μW/cm 2 the duration of "safe" exposure was rather low: the threshold was detected after 30-40 min of irradiation [10]. At EFG of 5 μW/cm 2 the duration of "safe" exposure was much longer and the threshold was observed after 8-9 h. At EFD of 50 μW/cm 2 the safe period of exposure to electromagnetic fi eld was no more than 10 min.…”

“…SMA of spirostomas exposed to electromagnetic fi eld of the mobile connection parameters (1 GHz) at EFD of 10 μW/cm 2 (maximum allowable level in Russia [3]) during a short period of just 30-40 min dropped by 40% in comparison with the control [10]. The effect developed in a jump-wise manner and did not depend on the length of exposure after reaching the threshold level.…”

“…In accordance with methodological recommendations [6], individual infusoria were collected from exposed and control suspensions and placed individually into special boxes (8×2.5×0.5 cm) with 1-2 mm deep cells 5-mm in diameter for scintillation. Changes in SMA were evaluated by the number of crossings of 8 (but not 4, as described previously [10]) lines perpendicular to each other, superimposed on the MBS-10 microscope ocular. Due to this method, the results were expressed in absolute values, this improving their reliability.…”

“…Conditions corresponding to the mobile connection frequency (1 GHz) were used in those studies. The effect was evaluated by reduction of spontaneous motor activity (SMA) in in fusoria [10]. SMA reduced signifi cantly after 30-40 min exposure of spirostomas in RF fi eld in comparison with the control.…”