Evaluation of the Impact of the Source (Patient Versus Staff) on Nosocomial Norovirus Outbreak Severity

Mattner, Frauke; Mattner, Lutz; Borck, Hans Ulrich; Gastmeier, Petra

doi:10.1086/502538

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The norovirus outbreak at our long-term care facility is an example of how workers continue to work with symptoms of a contagious disease. Although we cannot directly link transmission from staff to residents due to limitations in data collection, there are many case reports that implicate ill health care workers as vectors for transmission of diseases such as influenza10, pertussis11, methicillin-resistant Staphyloccous aureus 12, and norovirus 13,14. Norovirus is of particular concern with regards to presenteeism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presenteeism: A Public Health Hazard

2010

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"Presenteeism" occurs when an employee goes to work despite a medical illness that will prevent him or her from fully functioning at work. This problem has been well studied in the business and social science literature, and carries increased importance in the health care setting due to the risk of infectious disease transmission in vulnerable patient populations. In this manuscript, we discuss an outbreak of viral gastroenteritis in a long-term care facility and the role presenteeism played in disease transmission and extension of the outbreak. We use existing literature to point out the hazards of presenteeism in the health care sector. We will also discuss factors that may be involved in the decision to work while ill and propose policy changes that may reduce the incidence of presenteeism in health care organizations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presenteeism: A Public Health Hazard

2010

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“…In one review of reported nosocomial outbreaks, researchers estimated that more cases are involved in outbreaks tied to patient index cases than in staff-originated outbreaks and that patientindexed outbreaks require more aggressive hygiene interventions in order to disrupt viral transmission (144).…”

Section: Health Care Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus

2015

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SUMMARY Norovirus, an RNA virus of the family Caliciviridae , is a human enteric pathogen that causes substantial morbidity across both health care and community settings. Several factors enhance the transmissibility of norovirus, including the small inoculum required to produce infection (<100 viral particles), prolonged viral shedding, and its ability to survive in the environment. In this review, we describe the basic virology and immunology of noroviruses, the clinical disease resulting from infection and its diagnosis and management, as well as host and pathogen factors that complicate vaccine development. Additionally, we discuss overall epidemiology, infection control strategies, and global reporting efforts aimed at controlling this worldwide cause of acute gastroenteritis. Prompt implementation of infection control measures remains the mainstay of norovirus outbreak management.

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“…We did not identify any member of staff as a probable source for norovirus infection among hospitalized patients; the primary case among the staff occurred on December 3, 2006, and the primary case among hospital-patients occurred on versus December 1, 2006. Mattner et al recently categorized published nosocomial norovirus outbreaks into those triggered by patients and those triggered by staff: in general, more patients are affected in index-patient outbreaks than in index-staff outbreaks; staff appear to be similarly affected by both categories of outbreak index group [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%