Norovirus

Robilotti, Elizabeth; Deresinski, Stan; Pinsky, Benjamin A.

doi:10.1128/cmr.00075-14

Cited by 499 publications

(517 citation statements)

References 383 publications

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“…The administration of nitazoxanide to children with viral gastroenteritis led to reduction in the duration of the illness. 15 Moreover, a higher frequency of resolution of diarrhea among immunosuppressed patients receiving orally administered human immunoglobulin is reported as compared to controls, yet without statistical significance. 19 Recently, NoV-specific monoclonal antibodies were developed in chimpanzees immunized with NoV-GI.1.…”

Section: Nov: Transmission Pathogenesis and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…While the nonsecretor phenotype was suggested to confer resistance to NoV infection, reports show that non-secretors are infected by a diverse group of NoVs including GII.4, GII.2 Snow Mountain and GI.3. [15][16][17] These viruses have unknown receptors. This data add to the incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of NoV.…”

Section: Nov: Transmission Pathogenesis and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter has structural and antigenic characteristics that cannot be distinguished from the virus. 15 VP2, the minor capsid protein, is thought to play a role in the production and the stability of VP1. 30 Based on the amino-acid sequence of VP1, NoVs are divided into 6 genogroups (GI-GVI).…”

Section: Viral Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…59,60 More than 90% of individuals are seropositive to NoV by the time they reach adulthood; however, the role of pre-existing immunity is still not fully understood when related to protection or reducing the risk of acquiring new NoV infections. 15 The fact that asymptomatic infection occurs at an early age as reported by outbreak and human challenge studies 48,[61][62][63] provides critical insight to the potential reservoir of transmission at an early age and its clear implication on the need for an effective vaccine.…”

Section: Viral Shedding Natural Infection With Nov and Seroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VLPs are non-replicating particles devoid of the NoV genome. 15 They consist of recombinantly-expressed VP1 capsid protein.…”

Section: Immune Correlates Of Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

Melhem

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Norovirus (NoV) is responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. NoVs are classified into 6 different genogroups (GGI-GGVI) based on the viral capsid protein with NoV genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) being the predominant strain causing human diseases. Supportive therapy involving reversal of dehydration and electrolyte deficiency is the main treatment of NoV gastroenteritis. However, the worldwide increased recognition of NoV as an important agent of diarrheal gastroenteritis prompted researchers to focus on establishing preventive strategies conferring long-lasting immunity. This review describes the current status of animal and human vaccine models/studies targeting NoV and addresses the factors hampering the development of a broadly effective vaccine.

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Section: Nov: Transmission Pathogenesis and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Nov: Transmission Pathogenesis and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viral Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viral Shedding Natural Infection With Nov and Seroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VLPs are non-replicating particles devoid of the NoV genome. 15 They consist of recombinantly-expressed VP1 capsid protein.…”

Section: Immune Correlates Of Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

Melhem

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Lewis fucose is a key moiety for the recognition of histo‐blood group antigens by GI.9 norovirus, as revealed by structural analysis

et al. 2022

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Noroviruses have been identified as major causative agents of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are thought to play a major role among the host cellular factors influencing norovirus infection. Genogroup I, genotype 9 (GI.9) is the most recently identified genotype within genogroup I, whose representative strain is the Vancouver 730 norovirus. However, the molecular interactions between host antigens and the GI.9 capsid protein have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we demonstrate that the GI.9 norovirus preferentially binds Lewis antigens over blood group A, B, and H antigens, as revealed by an HBGA binding assay using virus-like particles. We determined the crystal structures of the protruding domain of the GI.9 capsid protein in the presence or absence of Lewis antigens. Our analysis demonstrated that Lewis fucose (a1-3/4 fucose) represents a key moiety for the GI.9 protein-HBGA interaction, thus suggesting that Lewis antigens might play a critical role during norovirus infection. In addition to previously reported findings, our observations may support the future design of antiviral agents and vaccines against noroviruses.

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Lewis b antigen is a common ligand for genogroup I norovirus strains

Someya

2022

FEBS Open Bio

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Noroviruses are major causative agents of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans. Ten genogroups of noroviruses have been identified to date, among which genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII) noroviruses are major pathogens for humans. GI and GII noroviruses are further classified into nine and 27 genotypes, respectively. Noroviruses are well known to bind to histo‐blood group antigens (HBGAs). Many studies have revealed that virus‐like particles (VLPs) from different genotypes exhibit distinct patterns of HBGA binding, but the assay conditions used in these studies were not identical. To enable comparison of the binding to HBGA of nine GI genotypes, I purified VLPs from insect cells and analysed their HBGA‐binding profiles. Although each genotype exhibited a distinct pattern of HBGA binding, Lewis b antigen was commonly recognized by all of the genogroup I strains, suggesting that this antigen plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of noroviruses.

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Norovirus

Cited by 499 publications

References 383 publications

Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

Lewis fucose is a key moiety for the recognition of histo‐blood group antigens by GI.9 norovirus, as revealed by structural analysis

Lewis b antigen is a common ligand for genogroup I norovirus strains

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