Evaluation of the impact of lime softening waste disposal in natural environments

Blaisi, Nawaf I.; Roessler, Justin G.; Cheng, Weizhi; Townsend, Timothy G.; Al-Abed, Souhail R.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.015

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The dimensions of the interlock paver were 200 × 100 × 80 mm 3 . The chemical analysis of the OPC by weight revealed the following: SiO 2 = 20.53%, Al 2 O 3 = 5.18%, Fe 2 O 3 = 2.99%, CaO = 63.45%, MgO = 1.97%, SO 3 = 2.56%, loss on ignition was 2.44%, insoluble residue was 0.76%, alkalis (Na 2 O + 0.658K 2 O) = 0.45%, lime saturation factor = 93.93, C 3 S = 53.27%, C 2 S = 17.79%, C 3 A = 8.26%, C 4 AF = 8.67%, C 4 AF + 2 C 3 A = 25.19%, chloride = 0.038%. The air content of the mortar amounted to 5.8% by volume and initial and final setting time as measured with the Vicat Test was 170 and 255 min, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, testing, and environmental impact assessment of glow‐in‐the‐dark concrete

Saleem

Blaisi

2019

Structural Concrete

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Glow-in-the-dark (GiD) material has the advantage that it can absorb energy in the presence of a light source and emit the absorbed energy in the form of visible light in the absence of external light. The presented research work deals with the development, testing, and environmental impact assessment of GiD-concrete. New innovative interlocking concrete blocks have been developed which have the ability to GiD without the need of any external power source. The presented GiD-concrete has the advantage of long-term durability over using GiD material as emulation.Through experimentation, 20% GiD addition was found to be the optimum dosage for GiD-concrete. Mechanical tests consisting of strength, skid resistance, thermal cycling, and glow intensity and duration were conducted on the prepared prototypes. In addition, environmental impact assessment and toxicity testing was conducted in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) standards and regulations in order to ascertain the effects of GiD material on the environment and human health. Through these experimentations, the durability and safety of the developed material with regard to the real-world application have been judged. The provided information can be used by engineers and researchers along with regulatory bodies to develop guidelines regarding the application of the newly developed material in infrastructure projects. Furthermore, the developed prototype can be used in a variety of ways to improve safety and living conditions, ranging from bicycle lanes, pedestrian crossings, building basements, walkways, concrete barriers, and curbstones along with other architectural and esthetical applications.basements, bicycle way, concrete barriers, durability, environmental impact assessment, glow-in-thedark, interlock blocks, pedestrian crossings, safety, walkways

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, testing, and environmental impact assessment of glow‐in‐the‐dark concrete

Saleem

Blaisi

2019

Structural Concrete

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“…In addition, the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure testing conducted by Cheng et al (2014) showed that lime-softening sludge could be of beneficial use in land applications above the groundwater table as it does not hold potential for release of trace elements into groundwater. However, on the basis on their researches, they emphasized that careful consideration and evaluation of management and disposal options of lime-softening sludge should be conducted, and that any assessment should contain a site-specific evaluation of reuse scenario (Blaisi et al 2015).…”

Section: Lime-softening Sludge Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Lime-Softening Sludge Used as Landfill Liners

Dąbska

2019

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The research goal was to investigate the hydraulic conductivity of compacted lime-softening sludge as a material to be applied to landfill liners. In doing so, the effect of compaction and moulding moisture content on the sludge hydraulic conductivity was assessed. An approximate polynomial k 10mean at hydraulic gradients ≥30 for degree of compaction (0.95-1.05) and moulding moisture content (28%-36%) was determined. The results of short-term tap water permeation tests revealed that all hydraulic conductivity values were less than 2.5•10-8 m/s. A lowest hydraulic conductivity of 6.5•10-9 m/s, as well as a corresponding moisture content of 31% were then established. The long-term hydraulic conductivity was measured with tap water, distilled water, NaOH and HCl solutions and municipal waste leachate. The factors of permeating liquids and permeation time significantly affected the initial hydraulic conductivity. The long-term hydraulic conductivity increased for NaOH and HCl solutions and decreased for tap and distilled water. A significant reduction of hydraulic conductivity was observed for leachate permeation. The investigated material met the requirements for the liner systems of inert landfill sites regardless of pH and the limit value for hazardous and non-hazardous waste landfills.

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“…Large volumes of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide precipitates create a waste disposal problem and add to cost. [ 45 ] Ion‐exchange resins remove water hardness by replacing Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ with Na + . The fresh resin contains Na + at its active sites, and Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ preferentially replace this Na + during processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion separations with membranes

Tang

Bruening

2020

Journal of Polymer Science

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Ion separations are important for resource recovery, water treatment, and energy production and storage. Techniques such as chemical precipitation, selective adsorption, and solvent extraction are effective, but membranes may separate ions continuously with less waste and lower energy costs. Separation of monovalent and multivalent ions with nanofiltration or electrodialysis membranes already enables water softening and edible salt purification. Similar membranes are attractive as separators in vanadium redox flow batteries. Selective partitioning of divalent counter-ions into ion-exchange membranes even allows transport of these ions against their concentration gradients in salt mixtures. However, separations of ions with the same charge is more challenging. Recent research demonstrated highly selective ion "sieving" at small scales. Separations using electrical potentials and differences in ion electrophoretic mobilities are promising, but relatively unexplored. Carrier-mediated transport affords high selectivity in liquid membranes, but these systems are not very stable, and selective transport via hopping between anchored carriers has proven elusive. Finally, this paper discusses how concentration polarization decreases selectivities in many membrane processes. Although development of selective, inexpensive ion-separation membranes is a work in progress, successes in water softening and edible salt purification suggests that future selective membranes will serve as complementary methods to traditional purification techniques.

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Evaluation of the impact of lime softening waste disposal in natural environments

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Development, testing, and environmental impact assessment of glow‐in‐the‐dark concrete

Development, testing, and environmental impact assessment of glow‐in‐the‐dark concrete

Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Lime-Softening Sludge Used as Landfill Liners

Ion separations with membranes

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