Evaluation of the Handshake Turing Test for anthropomorphic Robots

Abstract

Handshakes are fundamental and common greeting and parting gestures among humans. They are important in shaping first impressions as people tend to associate character traits with a person's handshake. To widen the social acceptability of robots and make a lasting first impression, a good handshaking ability is an important skill for social robots. Therefore, to test the human-likeness of a robot handshake, we propose an initial Turing-like test, primarily for the hardware interface to future AI agents. We evaluate the test on an android robot's hand to determine if it can pass for a human hand. This is an important aspect of Turing tests for motor intelligence where humans have to interact with a physical device rather than a virtual one. We also propose some modifications to the definition of a Turing test for such scenarios taking into account that a human needs to interact with a physical medium.

Human-Robot Handshaking: A Review

“…This can be seen in [25,87] where even though a human was controlling the robot having a rod-like end effector, this mode of shaking only got a human-likeness score of 6.8\10 by the participants. Even sophisticated mech-anisms, like the Android robot used in [78] which has a soft skin-like layer and heated palms, are still easily distinguished from a human's hand. One workaround could be to use sensing gloves, like by Orefice et al [61], which could help bridge the gap between a sophisticated interface and social robots.…”

“…Stock-Homburg et al [78] study whether a realistic android robot, that is modelled after a human, with soft silicone skin and pneumatically controlled joints can pass a hardware version of the Turing test. They have 15 participants blindfolded who have to interact with a human and the robot with their hand stretched out twice in a random order, leading to a total of 4 trials each.…”

Artificial Eyes with Emotion and Light Responsive Pupils for Realistic Humanoid Robots

“…Of that dataset, 5/12 explained that the movement and direction and eye contact interaction made the RHR appear lifelike, and 2/12 suggested that Euclid made eye contact with them more frequently, which made for a greater authentic HRI [65]. Four out The HRI experiment consisted of 20 participants and was based on similar HRI studies [63,64]. Test subjects were recruited from the university with core modules in fields relating to computing and AI, including computer programming, application design and AI games programming.…”

“…To minimise aesthetic differences, both the robotic and acrylic eyes employed the same iris image, and test subjects were not informed about the dilating robotic eye system before the experiment to minimise influential factors. The HRI experiment consisted of 20 participants and was based on similar HRI studies [63][64]. Test subjects were recruited from the university with core modules in fields relating to computing and AI, including computer programming, application design and AI games programming.…”

Modeling a Pre-Touch Reaction Distance around Socially Touchable Upper Body Parts of a Robot

“…Researchers also investigated how a robot's body parts are essential to convey emotions by people/robots [41,42]. Other studies have focused on human touch interaction cues such as handshaking, describing its phases and analyzing both before-touch and after-touch actions [43], and defining methods for evaluating the human likeness of a robot handshake using a Turing-like test [44].…”