Evaluation of the genetic variability in bamboo using RAPD markers

Abstract

Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering. Identification and genetic relationships in 12 species of bamboo were investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using thirty 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish 12 species and to select a reduced set of primers. The selected primers were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of one hundred thirty seven distinct polymorphic DNA fragments (bands), ranging from 0.4-3.3 kb were amplified by using 10 selected primers. The genetic similar analysis was conducted based on presence or absence of bands, which revealed a wide range of variability among the species. Cluster analysis clearly showed two major clusters belonging to 12 species of bamboo. Two major clusters were further divided into three minor clusters. The species of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa vulgaris var. striata were the most closely related and formed the first minor cluster along with Bambusa ventricosa. The variety of Bambusa multiplex var. Silver stripe and Bambusa multiplex were very closely related and there was no variation with Bambusa ventricosa. Another minor cluster was obtained between Bambusa arundinacea, Cephalostachyum pergracil and Bambusa balcooa. The RAPD technique has the potential for use in species identification and genetic relationships between taxa and species of bamboo for breeding program.

Molecular identification of bamboo genera and species based on RAPD-RFLP markers

“…One inherent difference of the screening of RAPD and RAPD-RFLP markers, however, was that the RAPD-RFLP markers were run on an acrylamide gel, which enables the detection of higher number of loci, usually with potential of detecting bands with even less than 100 bp with sufficient resolution for distinction. RAPD markers have been used in studies aimed at the analysis of genetic diversity and divergence among bamboos (Nayak et al 2003;Lalhruaitluanga and Prasad 2009;Shalini et al 2013). Despite these markers have been argued about their limitations, such as their dominance, uncertain locus homology and sensitivity to the conditions of the PCR reactions (Yeasmin et al 2015).…”

“…First, for molecular identification and phylogenetic relationships, RAPD markers were used for distinguishing species of the genera Bambusa, Dendrocalamus, Dinocloa and Cephalostachyum (Nayak et al 2003). Two specific RAPD markers from Bambusa balcooa Roxb.…”

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Bamboo Accessions of India Using Molecular Markers

“…Dendrograms were constructed using the UPGMA algorithms in the MEGA 4.0 software (Tamura et al, 2007) and showed that the phylogenetic tree was divided into two major clusters. Nayak et al(2003) and this easy reproducibility of results obtained from intersimple sequence repeat makes it most reliable molecular markers based method as it permits detection of polymorphisms in inter-microsatellite loci, using a primer designed from dinucleotide or trinucleotide simple sequence repeats. ISSR markers have been extensively used for DNA finger-printing (Moreno et al, 1998), population genetics studies (Nebauer et al, 1999) and phylogenetic studies (Hess et al, 2000).…”

Identification and assessment of genetic relationships in three Chlorophytum species and two high yielding genotypes of C. borivilianum through RAPD markers

“…The traditional method of identifying species by morphological characters linked with DNA profiling can be useful for the clarification of taxonomic position. DNA profiling through RAPD markers has been used for the diversity analysis and duplicates identification within the large germplasm population (Nayak et al 2003) identification of varieties/species (Prince et al 1995), phylogenetic relationship (Nair et al 1999) and conservation and management of genetic resources (Bretting & Widrelechner 1995). Evidently, RAPD technology is a rapid and sensitive technique, which can be used to estimate relationships between closely and more distantly related species of Chlorophytum.…”