“…The former are made up of inorganic non-metallic solids (either nonmetallic or metallic compounds) and includes clay (plastic materials), silica (filler), and feldspar (fluxes) while the latter are made up of oxides, nitrate compounds, carbides, and non-silicate glass [ 105 ]. Regarding advanced ceramics, there is a growing interest in ceramic membranes based on Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , and ZrO 2 that demonstrate good performance in water treatment, turbidity removal, desalination, wastewater treatment, and other important industrial applications, apart from other advantages inherent in energy saving [ 115 , 116 ]. However, the preparation of nanocomposites using carbon, polymer, and ceramic materials is still at an early stage, requiring further investigation [ 117 ].…”