“…Mila i Canals et al (2006) conducted a life cycle analysis (LCA) of apple production in two different regions of New Zealand, as did Mouron et al (2006) in Switzerland. In Sweden, Carlsson-Kanyama (1998) studied the greenhouse gas emissions involved in the production life cycle of a variety of products (e.g., carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, pork, rice, and dried peas).…”
“…Mila i Canals et al (2006) conducted a life cycle analysis (LCA) of apple production in two different regions of New Zealand, as did Mouron et al (2006) in Switzerland. In Sweden, Carlsson-Kanyama (1998) studied the greenhouse gas emissions involved in the production life cycle of a variety of products (e.g., carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, pork, rice, and dried peas).…”
“…When quantifying the environmental pressures of fruit production it is important to take into account difference between open field crop systems and perennial crops (Milà i Canals et al, 2006). One basic aspect to be considered is that some resources are used annually while others are utilized during the whole lifetime of the orchard.…”
Section: Efa In Orchardsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As advised by other authors (Cerutti et al, 2010;Milà i Canals et al, 2006) in addition to one-year field operations all the environmental impacts related to the entire lifetime of the orchard were also taken into account. The production system was modelled in 4 stages: (ST1) the nursery stage: the average processes and resources needed to obtain rootstocks, scions and young plants for the quantity of plants per hectare of the given orchard design; (ST2) the establishment stage: the common practice of removing previous installations and preparing the field for the orchard.…”
Sustainable farming in the fruit production systems of the Piemonte Region of Northern Italy was examined using a multifunctional Ecological Footprint based method. The analysis is based on the quantification of four different ecological footprint applications related to different functional units:tons of product, nutrient content in the fruit produced, hectare of crop and 1000 € of revenue. Of the major fruit production in the region, apricot and nectarine show the best overall performance from an ecological and economic point of view. This result is mainly due to the low input requirements of the cultivation processes, combined with a good product mass and the high market value of the fruit.Kiwifruit production had the worst overall ranking due to the high requirement of agronomical inputs and a low market value of the final product. The problems and the key aspects of a multifunctional assessment are discussed from a methodological point of view. Results highlight that standard Ecological Footprint Analysis alone would not allowed to evaluate the complete environmental profile of the different production systems.
“…Indicatively, work has been carried out for the case of vineyards [8], peaches [9], pears [10], apples [11,12], olive groves [13], white asparagus [14], sweet cherry [15], and willow [16]. All the aforementioned work either refers to specific production practices or makes use of averages for the estimation of the energy inputs related to the various field and logistics activities.…”
Biomass production systems include multiple-crops rotations, various machinery systems, diversified operational practices and several dispersed fields located in a range of distances between the various facilities (e.g., storage and processing facilities). These factors diversify the energy and cost requirements of the system. To that effect, assessment tools dedicated a single-crop production based on average standards cannot provide an insight evaluation of a specific production system, e.g., for a whole farm in terms of energy and cost requirements. This paper is the continuation of previous work, which presents a web-based tool for cost estimation of biomass production and transportation of multiple-crop production. In the present work, the tool is extended to additionally provide the energy balance of the examined systems. The energy input includes the whole supply chain of the biomass, namely crop cultivation, harvesting, handling of biomass and transportation to the processing facilities. A case study involving a real crop production system that feeds a biogas plant of 200 kW was selected for the demonstration of the tool's applicability. The output of the tool provides a series of indexes dedicated to the energy input and balance. The presented tool can be used for the comparison of the performance, in terms of energy requirements, between various crops, fields, operations practices, and operations systems providing support for decisions on the biomass production system design (e.g., allocation of crops to fields) and operations management (e.g., machinery system selection).
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