Evaluation of the Effects of Biodiesel on Emissions and Performance by Comparing the Results of the New European Drive Cycle and Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of biodiesel on performance and emission of the current and new-coming regulation cycles, namely the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), were investigated by conducting tests on a passenger car, a Euro-5 Ford Fiesta, equipped with a 1.5-L diesel engine. In a two-axle chassis dynamometer test bed, NEDC and WLTC were performed with pure diesel and biodiesel-to-diesel blend (30% biodiesel, 70% diesel in volume). A substantial reduction in CO (34%, 55%), HC (33%, 40%), and particulate number (PN) (22%, 31%) emissions was observed respectively for both the NEDC and WLTC when biodiesel was used. Besides, it was found that the WLTC has higher load and velocity profile compared to the NEDC. Moreover, lower CO, HC, and PN emissions were observed with B30 fuel under WLTC compared to the NEDC. Nevertheless, slightly higher CO2 and substantially higher NOx emissions were observed for the WLTC compared to the NEDC.

Performance, Emissions, and Efficiency of Biodiesel versus Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO), Considering Different Driving Cycles Sensitivity Analysis (NEDC and WLTP)

“…The work published by T. Kaya et al [35], also reports a behavior in HC emissions similar to the behavior of CO emissions, that is, a reduction in their value both in the replacement of diesel with biodiesel and in the exchange of the test cycle used, from NEDC to WLTP.…”

“…An article published by T. Kaya et al [35] describes the production of a study like the one presented in this report. Regarding CO emissions, these authors obtained a reduction of values both in the substitution of diesel for biodiesel as well as in the exchange of the test cycle used from NEDC to WLTP.…”

“…The combustion quality is highly correlated with the amount of fuel injected requirements to give the necessary energy demands and, subsequently, to the energy conversion efficiency. The energy conversion efficiency is relative to the relationship between specific consumption ("sfc" in g/kWh) and the calorific value of a specific fuel ("LHV" in kWh) [35].…”

“…Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas that results from incomplete combustion, caused by a lack of oxygen or very short combustion reaction times. Therefore, the emission of this gas becomes more relevant in engines that operate with rich mixtures, where the amount of oxygen available for carbon atomization is smaller [35]. Since the engine used in the experimental activity corresponds to an engine that operates with lean mixtures (diesel), the emission of this gas would not be a concern at the outset.…”

Impact of Nanoadditives on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Neat Jatropha Biodiesel

“…They are biodegradable, has higher oxygen content and cetane number [7]. Engine performance and combustion characteristics were assessed by researchers using various biodiesels and their blends with fossil diesel [8,9]. The type of feedstock used for biodiesels production affect life cycle energy and GHG emission of the transesterification oxide nanoparticles were added to Ailanthus altissima biodiesel-diesel blends (B0, B10, and B20) [29].…”