Evaluation of the effect of 2% Lidocaine gel on the pain intensity of the test and penicillin-benzotine intramuscular injection (200.1000 units)

Farhadi, Aisan

doi:10.29252/jnkums.2.2.3.39

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The needle phobia can deter patients from seeking medical treatment in the future. 1,8 The gate control theory of pain introduced in 1965 by Melzack and Wall 9 proposes that when a pain signal is transmitted to the spinal cord through the central nervous system, a gating mechanism in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord can either inhibit or facilitate those pain signals passing to the brain. [10][11][12] Therefore, the gating mechanism has the ability to send an impulse through the A-delta nerve fibers to either open or close the gate in the spinal cord.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of physical stimulation on injection pain in adults receiving intramuscular injections: a systematic review protocol

Cmc

Lord

Vargese

et al. 2020

JBI Evidence Synthesis

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Objective:The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of physical stimulation on injection pain in adults receiving intramuscular injections.Introduction:Intramuscular injections are the most commonly used modality for administration of pharmacological treatments. Despite this, pain from intramuscular injections is the most commonly reported side effect. Reducing patients’ pain from intramuscular injections is important; however, the challenge is in selecting from the current methods available to alleviate pain, which are varied. The findings of this review may identify the most effective physical stimulation method to reduce the side effect of pain from an intramuscular injection.Inclusion criteria:This review will consider studies that include adults aged 18 years and over that use physical stimulation interventions during intramuscular injections. Any physical stimulation strategies used during intramuscular injections including devices, skin tapping, manual pressure, massage, pinch, and traction will be considered. Studies that evaluate pain using validated tools such as pain scales will be included.Methods:The review will undertake to find both published and unpublished studies. The key information sources to be searched are MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Dissertation Abstracts International, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and MedNar. Two independent reviewers will conduct a critical appraisal of eligible studies, assess the methodological quality, and extract the data. Studies will, where possible, be pooled in a statistical meta-analysis.Systematic review registration number:PROSPERO CRD42020168586

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of physical stimulation on injection pain in adults receiving intramuscular injections: a systematic review protocol

Cmc

Lord

Vargese

et al. 2020

JBI Evidence Synthesis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pain is one of the most common causes of suffering in patients, which is found in about 50% to 80% of patients hospitalized for various reasons (13,14). The pain caused by the introduction of needles and catheters to blood vessels, becomes problematic when it is repetitive and requires continuous use (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first step in controlling and reducing pain is the examination of pain and attention to its symptoms (16). Considering that pain management is an ethical commitment for caregivers, it is essential to use proper nursing interventions to alleviate the pain caused by injection (13,17). Nurses are indifferent to the pain caused by injections, including the needle port that patients experience with pain over and over again.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonpharmacological methods include distraction of thought, coldness, and topical heat treatment. Common analgesic drugs include: Opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and auxiliary drugs (13). In some cases, nonpharmacological methods are not effective in reducing pain, and so instead, drugs can be used either alone or in combination with non-pharmacological methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study on the Effect of EMLA Cream and Diclofenac Gel on Pain Caused by Needle Port Placement in Patients Under Chemotherapy: A Clinical Trial

et al. 2018

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Background: Injections are common nursing interventions, which usually cause pain. The pain caused by injection causes anxiety, discomfort, and reduced patient confidence in nursing performance. Since applying methods that enhance patients' comfort is a nursing task, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of EMLA cream and diclofenac gel on pain caused by needle port placement in patients undergoing chemotherapy at the oncology department. Methods: This cross-sectional clinical trial study was conducted on 40 inpatients of the Oncology Ward of Khatam-al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan, during year 2017. Patients were selected by conventional sampling, based on the Inclusion criteria of the study. Patients were randomly assigned to use EMLA cream, diclofenac gel or the placebo. The severity of pain was measured immediately after injection, using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Blindness was done for pain the assessor and data analyzer. The SPSS 22 software was used for statistical analysis. First, descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency, percentage, and mean, and then inferential statistics of paired t-test, for group comparison. Results: The mean scores of the severity of pain in three groups of EMLA, diclofenac gel, and placebo were 5.49 ± 2.05, 5.88 ± 1.93, and 6.71 ± 1.96, respectively. Comparison between diclofenac gel and placebo showed that the mean decrease in pain intensity in the diclofenac gel group was far more than the placebo (P < 0.0001). Comparing EMLA cream and placebo, the mean reduction in pain intensity in the EMLA cream was far higher than the placebo (P < 0.0001). Finally, the EMLA cream was more effective than diclofenac gel in pain reduction, although the difference was not statically significant. Conclusions: Although the use of EMLA cream and diclofenac gel can reduce pain at the injection site, applying diclofenac gel is recommended due to its availability, cost-effectiveness, and domestic production.

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“…[ 8 ] Since applying new techniques of IM injection and creating an enjoyable experience are of the ethical and legal duties of nurses,[ 5 ] gaining skill in injection based on most recent studies has long been considered by nursing science. [ 2 ] Pain reduction methods include slow injection of the drug,[ 1 3 9 ] acupressure,[ 10 ] direct skin contact,[ 11 12 ] and oral sucrose in neonates,[ 13 14 ] the effect of patient's position at the time of injection,[ 15 ] topical cold,[ 16 17 ] thought deviation,[ 16 18 ] use of ShotBlocker,[ 6 19 ] use of air locking technique and Z method,[ 3 7 15 20 ] use of skin stroke with fingers, use of topical anesthetics such as lidocaine and prilocaine cream[ 6 21 ] and Vapocoolant spray,[ 22 ] and selection of the appropriate muscle for drug injection. [ 1 13 23 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of skin traction, pressure, and rapid muscle release with conventional method on intramuscular injection pain: A randomized clinical trial

Salari

Estaji

Akrami

et al. 2018

J Edu Health Promot

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Evaluation of the effect of 2% Lidocaine gel on the pain intensity of the test and penicillin-benzotine intramuscular injection (200.1000 units)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness of physical stimulation on injection pain in adults receiving intramuscular injections: a systematic review protocol

Effectiveness of physical stimulation on injection pain in adults receiving intramuscular injections: a systematic review protocol

A Comparative Study on the Effect of EMLA Cream and Diclofenac Gel on Pain Caused by Needle Port Placement in Patients Under Chemotherapy: A Clinical Trial

Comparison of skin traction, pressure, and rapid muscle release with conventional method on intramuscular injection pain: A randomized clinical trial

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