Evaluation of the Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate released from polyvinyl chloride medical devices that contact blood

Luo, Huimin; Sun, Guangyu; Shi, Yan‐Ping; Shen, Yong; Xu, Kai

doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-58

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…It becomes decisive from previous studies that gas chromatography (GC) is a reliable technique to isolate DEHP from different source material. 25,26 A total ion chromatogram derived from a gas chromatographic analysis (Figure 1) shows a single, significant peak with 100% relative abundance (RA) at the retention time 33.09 minutes. The peak covers 86.31% of the total area of the chromatogram indicating high concentration for the detection of DEHP in the sample.…”

Section: Experimental Results Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational optimization of in vitro parameters for di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate production from Anabaena circinalis

Sarkar¹,

Andavan²

2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, and finds extensive commercial application as a plasticizer to reduce the rigidity of polyvinyl chloride. Besides numerous negative impacts on environment and public health, the compound exhibits acute bioactivity against microbes and has therapeutic value too. Considering this biochemical significance, searching of its new biogenic sources has become an active area of research. Here, DEHP is identified from the biomass of a toxic strain of Anabaena circinalis, which is quite unobvious, and simultaneously, the in vitro physical conditions are optimized by using a swarm-based multiparameter optimization technique. A purified fraction collected from column chromatography is subjected to gas chromatography (GC) to fetch the compound peak and then subsequent mass analysis for its identification. The mass spectrum describes the molecular weight along with the structure of DEHP with 99.9% experimental accuracy. An experimental observation table has been used to frame a fitness function using the curve fitting approach when temperature (T), light and dark period (LD), and duration of subculture cycle (DSC) are considered as the target parameters to be optimized. The optimum values obtained for T, LD, and DSC are 20°C, 14:10 hour light and dark ratio approximately, and 40 days, respectively. This experimental finding of A. circinalis FSS 124 as a novel source of DEHP and subsequent optimization using soft computing tools might be a benchmark for process optimization in biological research.

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Section: Experimental Results Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational optimization of in vitro parameters for di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate production from Anabaena circinalis

Sarkar¹,

Andavan²

2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…[12] Although DEHP contents in cosmetics and personal hygiene products are regulated, there are reports that it is still detected in many countries. [13] Various equipment made of plastics that are used in the medical industry are the cause of parenteral phthalate exposure; Luo et al[14] have reported phthalate detection in medical products made of polyvinyl chloride. In addition, it has been reported that serum DEHP and DEHP metabolite concentrations in urine among intensive care unit patients increase by 100- to 1,000-fold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Mice

Choi

Cho

2019

J Bone Metab

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Background: The molecular pathways of how endocrine disruptors affect bone mineral density (BMD) and bone remodeling are still unclear. The purpose of this experimental study is to determine the effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on bone metabolism in ovariectomized mice. Methods: Twenty-six-month-old female CD-1 mice were divided into 4 groups: control, low-dose DEHP, high-dose DEHP, and estrogen groups (n=5, each group). All mice were subjected to ovariectomy for the induction of artificial menopause and then exposed to corn oil, DEHP, and estrogen for 2 months. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) of the bone and analysis of blood samples for bone markers were performed to observe the changes in bone metabolism. Results: Osteocalcin level was decreased in the control, low-dose and high-dose DEHP group, the reduction width was greater in the high-dose DEHP group (-0.219 ng/mL) than control group (-0.077 ng/mL, P<0.05). C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen level was increased in the control, low-dose and high-dose DEHP group, the increase range of low-dose DEHP group (0.329 ng/mL) showed greater than control group (0.093 ng/mL, P<0.05). Micro-CT analysis revealed that the BMD was significantly lower in the high-dose DEHP group (19.8×10-2 g/cm 3) than control group (27.2×10-2 g/cm 3 , P<0.05). The structure model index was significantly higher in the high-dose DEHP group (2.737) than low-dose DEHP group (2.648) and estrogen group (2.63, P<0.05). It means the progression of osteoporosis in the high-dose DEHP group. Conclusions: These results confirm the negative effects of DEHP on bone health in ovariectomized mice. Further continuous studies on genetic pathways and other endocrine disruptors will be necessary to validate these findings.

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“…Toxics 2022, 10, 79 5 of 11 than that of blood, along with the absence of the enzymes likely to metabolize DEHP [19];…”

Section: Analysis Of Plasticizers In the Apheresis Model Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… A 50/50 v/v mixture of absolute ethanol and water was chosen to simulate the blood due to its similar but higher capacity to extract DEHP from the PVC matrix than that of blood, along with the absence of the enzymes likely to metabolize DEHP [19];  The simulant volume was 5 L in order to correspond to the mean blood volume of a normal adult; it was contained in a closed 5 L glass flask; -Flow rates were set up in accordance with the pre-CAR-T cells' leukapheresis standard. Blood sampling rate was set up at 65 mL/min, and ACD-A flow rate at 1.1 mL/min; -Contact time: The collection time was dependent on the patient.…”

Section: Analysis Of Plasticizers In the Apheresis Model Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, recent studies show that contaminants such as phthalates, and particularly DEHP, disrupt several hormonal processes, such as steroid hormone and thyroid systems [16]. DEHP can disrupt thyroid hormone signaling by reducing the circulating thyroid hormone levels, thus affecting growth, development, and differentiation-especially in the developing brain [17,18]; it may also modify steroid hormone metabolism and balance by altering synthesis and/or breakdown of testosterone, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone, or other hormones involved in gamete physiology, fertility, implantation, fetal morphogenesis, pregnancy outcomes, and post-birth diseases [19,20]. Although most of DEHP's alternatives are still not classified by the ECHA concerning their ED capacity, due to insufficient or lacking data, some of the-such as DINP (diisononyl phthalate), DINCH (1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester), and DEHA (bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate)-exert ending points, such as the carcinogenic effects that were assessed in mice models [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex Vivo Model to Assess the Exposure of Patients to Plasticizers from Medical Devices during Pre-CAR-T Cells’ Apheresis

Lautraite

Bernard

Hallé

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Background: The treatment of relapsed or refractory leukemia remains a major problem. Among the new therapeutic approaches, the use of modified T lymphocytes, called chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), seems promising. The first step of their preparation is leukapheresis, which involves the collection of mononuclear cells from the patient. This medical procedure requires numerous medical devices (MDs) made of plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC). These compounds can leach out of the devices during contact with the patient’s blood. The aim of our study was to evaluate the migration of the plasticizers contained in the MD during a simulated pre-CAR-T cell leukapheresis procedure, and to measure the patient’s and their lymphocytes’ exposure to them. Methods: The qualitative and quantitative composition of the MD used for pre-CAR-T cell apheresis was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Then, an ex vivo leukapheresis model using an ethanol/water simulant was performed to evaluate the plasticizers’ migration under simulated clinical conditions of pre-CAR-T cells’ cytapheresis. The plasticizers released into the simulant were quantified by GC–MS. Results: Diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) was found in the apheresis kit, with amounts ranging from 25% to 59% (g/100 g of PVC). Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate was detected at trace levels. A total of 98.90 ± 11.42 mg of DEHP was released into the simulant, corresponding to an exposure dose of 1.4 mg/kg for a 70 kg patient. Conclusions: Patients undergoing a pre-CAR-T cell apheresis are mainly exposed to DEHP, which can impact their health because of its endocrine disruption effect, but could also lead to a decrease in CAR-T cells’ efficiency/quality.

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Evaluation of the Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate released from polyvinyl chloride medical devices that contact blood

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Computational optimization of in vitro parameters for di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate production from Anabaena circinalis

Computational optimization of in vitro parameters for di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate production from Anabaena circinalis

Effects of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Mice

Ex Vivo Model to Assess the Exposure of Patients to Plasticizers from Medical Devices during Pre-CAR-T Cells’ Apheresis

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