Evaluation of the catalytic effect of ZnO as a secondary phase in the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 system and of the stirring mechanism on biodiesel production reaction

Synthesis of MoO 3 by pilot‐scale combustion reaction and evaluation in biodiesel production from residual oil

“…Table 2 shows that the particle size values (D BET ) indicated the presence of cluster sizes around 880 and 324 nm for α‐MoO 3 and h /α‐MoO 3 samples, respectively. The relation (D BET /T c ) for both samples was greater than 1; that is, the catalysts are constituted by polycrystalline particles 4 . Figure 6 illustrates the morphological results obtained by SEM of molybdenum trioxide catalysts synthesized by combustion reaction.…”

“…The addition of the residual oils and fats on biodiesel production is interesting from an economic and environmental viewpoint because it reduces the production cost and can mitigate the environmental impacts due to inadequate disposal 2,6 . The chemical reactions used to obtain biodiesel are transesterification and esterification, both of which can simultaneously occur (simultaneous transesterification and esterification (TES reaction)) if the raw material used (residual oil) contains FFA 1,2,4,6,7 . In transesterification, the triglyceride reacts with short‐chain alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, producing a mixture of FAAE and glycerol.…”

“…2,6 The chemical reactions used to obtain biodiesel are transesterification and esterification, both of which can simultaneously occur (simultaneous transesterification and esterification (TES reaction)) if the raw material used (residual oil) contains FFA. 1,2,4,6,7 In transesterification, the triglyceride reacts with short-chain alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, producing a mixture of FAAE and glycerol. In the esterification, FFA and short-chain alcohol react, producing esters with water elimination in the presence of a catalyst.…”

“…1,2 These last ones are easily transformed into biodiesel through relatively simple chemical reactions, mainly those accelerated by catalysts. [3][4][5] It is known that biodiesel can be synthesized from soybean oil, canola, babassu, or residual oils and fats. The addition of the residual oils and fats on biodiesel production is interesting from an economic and environmental viewpoint because it reduces the production cost and can mitigate the environmental impacts due to inadequate disposal.…”

Biodiesel production on bench scale from different sources of waste oils by using NiZn magnetic heterogeneous nanocatalyst

“…The biodiesel yield was 92.1% for the reaction conditions of 180°C for 3 hours, 2% catalyst, and oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:9. Farias et al 25 synthesized the ZnO phase separately and studied its contribution to the catalytic activity when associated with the monophasic Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 ferrite, evaluating the effect of two agitation mechanisms (mechanical and magnetic) in the ethyl transesterification reaction for the production of biodiesel from soybean oil. The catalytic tests were carried out with 3% catalyst, oil:ethanol molar ratio of 1:15, temperature of 180°C for 1 hour.…”