Biodiesel production on bench scale from different sources of waste oils by using NiZn magnetic heterogeneous nanocatalyst

Abstract

Summary Different types of waste oils (soybean, sunflower, corn, and cottonseed) were evaluated in simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions for more sustainable production of biodiesel by heterogeneous magnetic catalysis. The Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by combustion reaction on a pilot‐scale of 200 g/batch, showing obvious conditions for possible scalability for large scale production. The properties of the MNPs were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, UV‐Vis, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller/Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda method, granulometric distribution, pH, zeta potential, and NH3‐TPD. The results confirmed the formation of the majority phase of the inverse NiZn spinel, with median particle of 39.6 nm, and surface area of 64 m2/g with acid character. The quality measures provide the adequacy of the biodiesel obtained and the gas chromatography showed conversions from 86.65% to 98.12%. Finally, the MNPs were successfully recovered and reused in three more cycles without activity loss, and with capacity for new recycles due to its high reactivity and stability.

Optimization of Biodiesel Production Process Using MoO3 Catalysts and Residual Oil: A Comprehensive Experimental 23 Study

“…Such behavior can be justified by the crystalline arrangement and intercalation of ions in the structure given to MoO 3 materials, where a mixture of orthorhombic and hexagonal phases can cause a difference in the value of the sample's absolute density. Concepts such as density are essential, as density measurements define the mass of catalytic solids that will be used in an industrial reactor [35].…”

Removal of Organic Dyes from Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Ferrite-Based Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review

“…The combustion synthesis method of MNPs is based on the thermodynamics principles and chemistry of propellants and explosives [57][58][59]. The method requires a powdered mixture, typically consisting of an oxidizing agent containing the metal ions of interest such as oxidizing reagents, and a reducing agent such as urea or glycine [57,[60][61][62][63].…”

Biodiesel from waste oil under mild conditions by a combination of calcium‐strontium oxide nanocatalyst and ultrasonic waves

“…17 The transesterification reaction occurs very slowly. Different catalysts such as homo and hetero acidic, 19,20 amphoteric, 21 homo and hetero basic, [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and enzymatic 31,32 are used in the transesterification processes. Homo catalysts corrode the engine, form soap, produce large amounts of waste, and do not reuse in the process and increase the overall cost of biodiesel products.…”