Evaluation of the Binax NOW Flu A test kit for the rapid detection of equine influenza virus

McCabe, Victoria J.; Sindle, T.; Daly, Janet M.

doi:10.1136/vr.158.5.164

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Since EIV is classified into the species Influenza A virus [12], it is anticipated that the RAD kits would work for rapid diagnosis of EI. The Directigen Flu A (Becton-Dickinson) and Binax NOW Flu A test kits (Binax, Scarborough, ME, U.S.A.) have been reported to be useful for diagnosis of EI [4,9]. However, these reports were based on the sensitivities for old EIV strains (A/equine/Kildare/89 or A/equine/ Sussex/89).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antigen Detection Kits for Diagnosis of Equine Influenza

Yamanaka

Tsujimura

Kondo

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In this study, we evaluated whether five rapid antigen detection kits for human influenza could be used for the diagnosis of equine influenza (EI). Limiting dilution analyses showed that Directigen Flu A+B and ESPLINE INFLUENZA A&B-N had the highest sensitivities to equine-2 influenza viruses (EIVs) among the kits investigated. From the results of virus detection in nasal swabs taken from horses infected with EIV, these two kits could produce positive results in reasonable agreement with those obtained by virus isolation or RT-PCR, suggesting that these kits could be useful for rapid diagnosis of EI in the field. However, from the viewpoint of specificity for EIV, Espline seems to be superior to Directigen. KEY WORDS: diagnosis, equine influenza, rapid antigen detection.

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antigen Detection Kits for Diagnosis of Equine Influenza

Yamanaka

Tsujimura

Kondo

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Although it would be more precise to measure the effectiveness by directly observing the total number of infected individuals using laboratory diagnostic methods [indeed, inference of the epidemiological time‐course can be partly achieved by rapid diagnostic methods (Daly et al., 2004)], the diagnostic performance of currently available test‐methods (i.e. the sensitivity and specificity, especially among horses previously vaccinated with heterologous vaccine strains) has yet to be fully clarified to accurately estimate true prevalence or true incidence as a function of time (Chambers et al., 1994; Morley et al., 1995; van Maanen et al., 2003; McCabe et al., 2006). More accurate methods, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Effectiveness of Public Health Interventions during the Equine Influenza Outbreak in Racehorse Facilities in Japan, 2007

Nishiura

Satou

2010

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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An outbreak of equine influenza (H3N8) occurred among fully vaccinated racehorses in Japan from August to September, 2007. To assess the potential effectiveness of public health interventions other than vaccination (i.e. movement restriction, isolation and quarantine), which started immediately on the date of detection of the first febrile case, a simple epidemiological model was developed and applied to the observed data. The epidemic curves in five racehorse facilities revealed consistent temporal patterns: (i) a sharp increase in symptom onset of cases during the first 3 days, which is thought to reflect the incubation period before interventions and (ii) thereafter, a continuous decline in incidence reflecting successful control. Whereas the reproduction number before interventions was 2.4-24.7, the estimate declined to 0.1-0.3 following interventions. The effectiveness of all the countermeasures was assessed by the relative reduction in the reproduction number and ranged from 88.0% to 99.5%. The combined effect of vaccination prior to the outbreak and other public health interventions is thought to have helped control the outbreak in 2007.

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“…However, these diagnostic kits are usually a lot less sensitive than virus isolation in eggs (Chambers et al . 1994; McCabe et al . 2006).…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facing the threat of equine influenza

Elton

Bryant

2011

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Despite the availability of vaccines, equine influenza virus (EIV) continues to pose a threat to the racing industry. The virus spreads rapidly in unprotected populations and large scale outbreaks, such as those in South Africa in 2003 and Australia in 2007, can cost billions of pounds. Like other influenza viruses, EIV undergoes antigenic variation, enabling it to evade antibodies generated against previous infection or vaccination. The UK has an active surveillance programme to monitor antigenic drift and participates in an international collaboration with other countries in Europe, Japan and the USA to select suitable vaccine strains. Selection is primarily based upon characterisation of the viral haemagglutinin (HA), the surface protein that induces a protective antibody response; this protein is an important component of commercial vaccines. In recent years vaccine technology has improved and diagnostic methods have become increasingly sensitive, both play a crucial part in facilitating the international movement of horses. Mathematical modelling techniques have been applied to study the risk factors involved in outbreaks and provide valuable information about the impact of vaccination. Other factors, such as pathogenicity, are poorly understood for EIV yet may play an important role in the spread of a particular virus. They may also affect the ability of the virus to cross the species barrier, as seen with the transfer to dogs in the USA. Severity of infection is likely to be influenced by more than one gene, but differences in the NS1 protein are believed to influence the cytokine response in the horse and have been manipulated to produce potential vaccine strains.

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Evaluation of the Binax NOW Flu A test kit for the rapid detection of equine influenza virus

Abstract: FIG 1: Examples of results obtained with (a) equine influenza-positive and (b) equine influenza-negative samples from nasal swabs from horses (a) (b)

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of Antigen Detection Kits for Diagnosis of Equine Influenza

Evaluation of Antigen Detection Kits for Diagnosis of Equine Influenza

Potential Effectiveness of Public Health Interventions during the Equine Influenza Outbreak in Racehorse Facilities in Japan, 2007

Facing the threat of equine influenza

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