Evaluation of the BCR sequential extraction scheme for trace metal fractionation of alkaline municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Tong, Lizhi; He, J.; Wang, Feng; Wang, Yan; Wang, Lei; Tsang, Daniel C.W.; Hu, Qing; Hu, Bin; Tang, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126115

Cited by 53 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The chemical speciation of Al, Ba, Be, Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Tl and Zn in RCS fly ash and smelting slag were performed according to the three steps outlined in the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) protocol of the European Standards Measurements and Testing Program, respectively. 31 The details are shown in Table A in the ESI. † After each step, the suspensions were filtered using a 0.45 μm microporous membrane and tested using ICPOES.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal mobility and toxicity of reclaimed copper smelting fly ash and smelting slag

et al. 2021

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal mobility and toxicity of reclaimed copper smelting fly ash and smelting slag

et al. 2021

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“…In the formula, R ecological denotes the ecological risk of the sample; and C risk , C reducible , C oxidizable and C residual represent the risk value and reducible fraction, oxidizable fraction and residual fraction contents, respectively. The five classifications in MRAC include a safe level (less than 1%), low-risk level (1%-10%), medium-risk level (10%-30%), high-risk level (30%-50%) and very high-risk level (over 50%) (Jain, 2004;Tong et al, 2020).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Ecological Risk For Remediated Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-step calculation method to enable the ecological and human health risk assessment of remediated soil treated through thermal curing

Xie

Ning

et al. 2021

Soil Ecol. Lett.

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The centralized utilization of heavy-metal-contaminated soil has become the main strategy to remediate brownfield-site pollution. However, few studies have evaluated the ecological and human health risks of reusing these remediated soils. Considering Zn as the target metal, systematic pHdependent leaching and the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) extraction were conducted at six pH values (pH = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) for the remediated soil treated through thermal curing. The pHdependent leaching results showed that with the formation of ZnCr 2 O 4 spinel phases, the remediated soil exhibited strong inherent resistance to acidic attack over longer leaching periods. Furthermore, the BCR extraction results showed that the leaching agent pH value mainly affected the acid-soluble fraction content. Moreover, a strong complementary relationship was noted between the leaching and acid-soluble fraction contents, indicating that the sum of these two parameters is representative of the remediated soil risk value. Therefore, we proposed a two-step calculation method to determine the sum of the two heavy metal parameters as the risk value of remediated soil. In contrast to the traditional one-step calculation method, which only uses the leaching content as the risk value, this two-step calculation method can effectively avoid underestimating the risk of remediated soil.

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“…To date, a large number of sequential extraction schemes have been proposed. Each of them has advantages and limitations due to the non-selectivity of the reagents and incomplete extraction of chemical forms [10][11][12][13], the number of fractionation stages, duration of laboratory manipulations, sample-reagent ratio [14,15], redistribution of HMs between phases, and risk of cross-contamination [16,17]. A detailed analysis of the limitations of various schemes for sequential extraction of HMs has been provided in some works [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the A. Tessier et al scheme, a shorter set of chemical fractions is isolated by the BCR: F1acid-soluble (exchangeable and bound to carbonates), F2-reducible (bound to Fe/Mn oxides), F3-oxidizable (bound to organic matter and sulfides), F4-residual (metals within lithogenic minerals) fraction. BCR is also applied in some modifications to assess the ratio of HM forms in mangrove soils [47], soils in mining [9,48], industrial [49], and urban [5] areas; soils amended with waste composts or bio-sorbent materials [50,51]; airborne suspended particles [52]; river suspended sediments [53], soakaway sediments [54]; road dust in megacities [55], on various types of roads [56], and from industrial areas [57]; sewage sludge [58]; fly ash from wood biomass [59], and municipal waste incineration [10]; mining wastes [12], and ore-processing wastes [60]. For the sequential extraction of HMs from bottom sediments, the schemes according to M. Kersten and U. Förstner [61], H. Zeien and G.W.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Assessment of Affinity to Chemical Fractions and Environmental Pollution with Heavy Metals: A New Approach Based on Sequential Extraction Results

Vodyanitskii

Власов

2021

IJERPH

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To assess the affinity degree of heavy metals (HMs) to geochemical phases, many indices with several limitations are used. Thus, this study aims to develop a new complex index for assessing contamination level and affinity to chemical fractions in various solid environmental media. For this, a new integrated approach using the chemical affinity index (CAF) is proposed. Comparison of CAF with %F on the literature examples on fractionation of HMs from soils, bottom sediments, atmospheric PM10, and various particle size fractions of road dust proved a less significant role of the residual HMs fraction and a greater contribution of the rest of the chemical fractions in the pollution of all studied environments. This fact is due to the normalization relative to the global geochemical reference standard, calculations of contribution of an individual element to the total pollution by all studied HMs, and contribution of the particular chemical fraction to the total HMs content taken into account in CAF. The CAF index also shows a more significant role in pollution and chemical affinity of mobile and potentially mobile forms of HMs. The strong point of CAF is the stability of the obtained HM series according to the degree of chemical affinity and contamination. Future empirical studies are necessary for the more precise assessment of CAF taking into account the spatial distribution of HMs content, geographic conditions, geochemical factors, the intensity of anthropogenic impact, environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, precipitation, pH value, the content of organic matter, electrical conductivity, particle size distribution, etc.). The combined use of CAF along with other indices allows a more detailed assessment of the strength of HMs binding to chemical phases, which is crucial for understanding the HMs’ fate in the environment.

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Evaluation of the BCR sequential extraction scheme for trace metal fractionation of alkaline municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Cited by 53 publications

References 48 publications

Metal mobility and toxicity of reclaimed copper smelting fly ash and smelting slag

Metal mobility and toxicity of reclaimed copper smelting fly ash and smelting slag

Two-step calculation method to enable the ecological and human health risk assessment of remediated soil treated through thermal curing

Integrated Assessment of Affinity to Chemical Fractions and Environmental Pollution with Heavy Metals: A New Approach Based on Sequential Extraction Results

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