Evaluation of the Anticancer Properties of Geranyl Isovalerate, an Active Ingredient of Argyreia nervosa Extract in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Abstract

Chemotherapy is a general treatment procedure for cancer. The diversity in cancer incidence and the failure of therapy due to chemoresistance lead to increased cancer-related deaths. Therefore, new drugs with fewer secondary complications targeting diverse pathways are the need of the hour. Geranyl isovalerate (GIV), one of the active ingredients of ethyl acetate fraction of Argyreia nervosa is routinely used as a food flavoring agent. In this study, we found that GIV also exhibits anticancer activity when tested against the HCT116 cell line. It influenced the viability of the cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We examined whether GIV could induce oxidative stress and affect the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby leading to apoptosis induction. Moreover, GIV could suppress the expression of antiapoptotic genes, such as BCl2 and PARP, and induce the expression of proapoptotic genes, such as Caspase 3 and 9. This is the first study demonstrating the anticancer activity of GIV and providing evidence for its mechanism of action. In conclusion, this study proposes GIV as a potential lead or supplementary molecule in treating and preventing colorectal cancer (CRC). Based on our findings, we conclude that GIV may be a viable lead or supplementary molecule for treating and preventing CRC.

Typical Aroma of Merlot Dry Red Wine from Eastern Foothill of Helan Mountain in Ningxia, China

“…The initial documentation of geranyl isovalerate occurred in a medical journal publication in September of 2021, where its biological properties were elucidated. Upon ingestion by the human body, this compound can directly interact with the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and exhibit anti-cancer properties [43]. The additional experiments showed that perceptual interactions among the key aroma compounds in Merlot wine vary with different geranyl isovalerate concentrations.…”

Phytochemical composition of Lagenaria siceraria fruits from KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, South Africa

“…Geranyl isovalerate (GIV) found in landraces BG-70 and NSRP (Supplementary Data 2) is among the least investigated ethnopharmacological compounds commercially utilized as a food flavouring agent and a constituent of essential oils ( Iftikhar, Ahmed, & Qamar, 2019 ; Kumar, Sharma, Thukral, & Bhardwaj, 2015 ). GIV also possesses antitumor, antihyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, thus making it an ideal food supplement and an alternative chemotherapeutic ( Rasool, Sharma, Anand, Magani, & Tantravahi, 2021 ).…”

Quality Control and Phytochemical Profiling of a Polyherbal Traditional Indian Medicine by GC-MS method

“…Oxidative stress-mediated cell death was supported by increased ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) loss, decreased antiapoptotic gene expression, and enhanced proapoptotic gene expression (36). Menthol found in Gomutra used as a topical antipruritic and in cough drops and inhalers (37). Some new compounds were also observed in Gomutrasava that were absent in Gomutra.…”