Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Chloroform Extracts of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves

Okoye, Ebele Linda

doi:10.9734/jsrr/2014/4328

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The lowest concentration of the metronidazole samples at which no growth of microorganism (Peptostrepococcus spp and Lactobacillus spp) was observed after incubation was considered at the MIC. 25,26 The result (Table 6) showed that each of the six brands had MIC of 100µg/mL against Peptostrepocuccus spp while M5 gave MIC of 200µg/mL. M7 had no inhibition activities against Peptostrepocuccus spp at all concentration.…”

Section: Antibacterial Evaluation Of the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 98%

<p>Pharmaceutical Quality of Selected Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin Infusions Marketed in South Eastern Nigeria</p>

Oli

Ibeabuchi

Enweani

et al. 2020

DHPS

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Background: Pharmaceutical products need to be of good quality and it is even more critical when it comes to life saving medicaments like infusions. Objective: This research surveyed the quality fitness of some ciprofloxacin and metronidazole infusion samples marketed in Southeastern of Nigeria. Methods: Using Official Compendial methods, microbiological quality, active pharmaceutical ingredients quantitation, pH and particle count tests were evaluated on eighty infusion bottles (from eight pharmaceutical companies) of each of the two drugs. Results: Out of the sixteen brands tested, 2 metronidazole brands and 1 ciprofloxacin brand (representing 18.75% of the total 16 brands/makes) were contaminated while the remaining 13 brands (81.25%) were found sterile. The active pharmaceutical ingredients quantitative assay showed that all the brands of ciprofloxacin infusion were between the 95% and 105% limit of label claim while one metronidazole brand has <95-110% limit label claim. Six brands each of the two drugs evaluated fall below the acceptable pH range [ciprofloxacin (3.5-4.6) and metronidazole (4.8-5.2)], while the other two brands of both drugs passed the test. In the antibacterial study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were susceptible to the ciprofloxacin (5 µg). However, Salmonella typhi recorded inhibition zone diameters within resistant and intermediate range. Peptostrepococcus spp was susceptible (at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 100 µg/mL) to all the brands of metronidazole, while none of the brands were effective on Lactobacillus spp. All the brands passed the test for particulate contamination. The particles size range was <10µm. Conclusion: About eighty-one percent (81.25%) of the infusions have acceptable good microbiological quality. However, 18.75% that failed the tests is a concern knowing that these are lifesaving products.

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Section: Antibacterial Evaluation Of the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 98%

<p>Pharmaceutical Quality of Selected Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin Infusions Marketed in South Eastern Nigeria</p>

Oli

Ibeabuchi

Enweani

et al. 2020

DHPS

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“…Decoctions of Alchornea cordifolia fruit, leaf or stem bark are utilised for the treatment of venereal diseases, cough, and impotency [8]. They are also utilised by traditional medicine practitioners for the treatment of diarrhoea [8, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinations of Alchornea cordifolia, Cassytha filiformis and Pterocarpus santalinoides in diarrhoegenic bacterial infections

2019

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Objectives This study examines the rationale, if any, behind combining the extracts from the fruits of Alchornea cordifolia and Pterocarpus santalinoides and aerial parts of Cassytha filiformis in the traditional treatment of diarrhoegenic bacterial infections. Results Four diarrhoegenic bacterial isolates: Salmonella typhi, Shigellae dysenteriae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used and their antibiotic susceptibility screening showed that they were multi-antibiotic resistant. The extracts exhibited activity against all the test isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 3.125 to 12.5 mg/mL. From the checkerboard assay, the fractional inhibitory concentration indices showed that C. filiformis has antagonistic and indifference activities in combination with either P. santalinoides or A. cordifolia. This showed that the combination of extracts from the fruits of A. cordifolia and P. santalinoides and aerial parts of C. filiformis is counterproductive and invalidates any claim for positive results in the management of diarrhoegenic bacterial infections.

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“…To investigate the antibacterial activities of plant extracts, the stock solutions were prepared at a concentration of 5000 mg of the extracts in 5 mL of DMSO (to make 1000 mg/mL) in screw capped tubes. Antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts was then assayed using agar well diffusion method as described in previous works [19,20]. Concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 mg/mL were prepared from the stock solutions of the extracts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winning the War against Multi-Drug Resistant Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria

et al. 2019

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Drug-resistant-diarrhoeagenic bacteria are currently emerging healthcare challenge. This study investigated the effects of Vernonia amygdalina, Garcinia kola, tetracycline and metronidazole combinations on such bacteria. Agar well diffusion method was employed to determine the inhibitory effects of the herbal extracts on diarrhoeagenic bacteria while Time-Kill Assay was used to determine bactericidal effects of the extracts against test isolates. Interactions between plant extracts and antibiotics were investigated using Checkerboard assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts against the bacterial isolates ranged between 3.125–50 mg/mL, while those of tetracycline and metronidazole ranged from 30–50 μg/mL. Synergism was observed against B. cereus and S. aureus for metronidazole + aqueous G. kola at all ratios. Generally, the combinations aqueous G. kola + ethanolic G. kola and aqueous G. kola + ethanolic V. amygdalina showed more pronounced synergism against the Staphylococcus aureus than B. cereus isolates with the fractional inhibition concentration (FIC) indices ranging from 0.32–0.95. Synergism of tetracycline + crude extracts and metronidazole combinations were more pronounced on the test isolates and especially on the Gram-negative organisms with FIC indices ranging from 0.41–0.91. Conclusion: The herbal extracts combinations and extracts–antibiotics combinations are synergistic on diarrhoeagenic bacteria at defined combination ratios.

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Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Chloroform Extracts of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

<p>Pharmaceutical Quality of Selected Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin Infusions Marketed in South Eastern Nigeria</p>

<p>Pharmaceutical Quality of Selected Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin Infusions Marketed in South Eastern Nigeria</p>

Combinations of Alchornea cordifolia, Cassytha filiformis and Pterocarpus santalinoides in diarrhoegenic bacterial infections

Winning the War against Multi-Drug Resistant Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria

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