Evaluation of Techniques to Improve White Pine Establishment on an Appalachian Minesoil

Torbert, J. L.; Burger, James A.; Probert, Timothy

doi:10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400050012x

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Compared to most hardwoods, pine seedlings are widely available, inexpensive, relatively hardy, and easy to plant across a broad spectrum of compaction, rock type, and other site factors (Torbert et al, 1995). However, given the renewed interest in reforesting mined sites with native hardwoods, we are trying to understand species-specific site limitations and reclamation requirements in order to prescribe reclamation procedures that will allow their use and successful establishment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Assessment of Mine Site Quality for Establishing Hardwoods in the Appalachians

Burger¹,

Mitchem²

2002

JASMR

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Abstract. In the past five years there has been a major resurgence in the hardwood timber and wood-using industries throughout the Appalachian coalfield region. Major forest companies are investing heavily in the Appalachian hardwood resource, and they are interested in reforestation of mined land with commercially valuable hardwoods. However, post-SMCRA reclamation creates sites that are difficult to reforest due to inappropriate mine spoil chemistry, excessive compaction, and competing ground cover vegetation. A study was installed across the three-state region of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky to test the survival and growth of commercially valuable hardwoods across factorial gradients of mine spoil chemistry, grading intensity, and slope aspect. A total of 10 treatment blocks, each 1 ha in size, were installed over a 3-year period beginning in 1994. Tree survival and growth were measured across the study each year. Green ash survival and growth was relatively unaffected by the site factor gradients, but white oak was influenced by all gradients. Survival and growth was poorest and unacceptable on sites with southwest aspects and soils made up of compacted, finely textured alkaline parent material. Survival and growth of white oak was best on sites with northeastern aspects and loose soils made up of weathered sandstone spoil materials. Site mapping of forest site quality for site-specific species prescriptions appears to be a promising approach for successful reforestation of native hardwoods on mined land. Additional

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Assessment of Mine Site Quality for Establishing Hardwoods in the Appalachians

Burger¹,

Mitchem²

2002

JASMR

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“…More time is probably needed for trees to be exposed to these various aspect conditions for survival differences to show. (Burger and Torbert, 1992;Torbert et al, 1995). The seedlings are pinned to the ground and have little chance for survival.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Survival on a Mountaintop Surface Mine in West Virginia

King¹,

Skousen

2003

JASMR

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Due to increasing environmental pressure, the state of West Virginia has recently changed its regulations that govern reclamation of mountaintop surface mines. The state regulatory authority now requires the development of commercial forestry as the only agronomic post-mining land use acceptable for mountaintop surface mines that seek a variance from returning the land surface to approximate original contour (AOC). The Samples mountaintop surface mine in southern West Virginia has obtained AOC variances and therefore has commercial forestry as a post-mining land use. Operators of the Samples Mine have initiated a reforestation program where about 20,000 trees per year (roughly 20 ha per year) have been planted at the site over the past six years. During 2002, West Virginia University researchers established belt transects (4.8 m wide by 100 to 200 m in length) in 55 plantations at the site to determine survival of planted trees and to evaluate tree height and stem diameter. Evaluations were performed on plantations established in the spring of 1999 and the spring and fall of 2001. In each transect, slope, aspect, and ground cover were measured, and survival and growth of trees were analyzed according to these site conditions. Average tree survival across these three planting seasons and among all tree species was 65%. Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) was the largest of the planted trees, but sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), pine (Pinus spp.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) also showed good growth. Slope was used as a surrogate for soil compaction (steeper slopes tended to be reclaimed with smaller equipment compared to flatter slopes) and tree survival was 75% on slopes >50%, 62% on slopes 31-50%, and 67% on slopes <30%. Tree survival was not different among five aspect classes (ranging from 59% on W aspects to 68% on E aspects). Tree survival was significantly higher (74%) on areas with <50% ground cover and lower (62%) on areas with >70% ground cover. Additional

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“…Evidence from a number of North American sites reveals that, under adequate conditions, mineland forest production can meet or exceed that of unmined lands (Torbert et al 1995). Afforestation of mine dump sites can also be claimed for carbon credits under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) according to Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).Accurate quantification of carbon exchange at the landscape level, particularly with regard to disturbed land, is extremely important to determine carbon stock in the ecosystem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of terrestrial carbon flux by eddy covariance method in revegetated manganese mine spoil dump at Gumgaon, India

et al. 2011

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The micrometeorological technique of eddy covariance is a powerful tool for characterizing the carbon (C) budget of terrestrial ecosystems. Eddy covariance method was used for estimating Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide between atmosphere and revegetated manganese mine spoil dump at Gumgaon, India. In this paper, we analyzed the diel CO 2 flux pattern and its response to various physical environmental conditions. The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems is particularly sensitive to climatic changes. Study of diel pattern of CO 2 flux showed that carbon uptake was dependent on sunlight. Effect of temperature and latent heat on the CO 2 flux showed that rate of CO 2 uptake increased proportionally, but later declined due to various factors like stomatal response, high evaporative demand, circadian rhythm and/or a combination of all three. Net ecosystem production of revegetated land was found to be 28.196 KgC/ha/day whereas average net carbon release by the ecosystem, through respiration was observed to be 5.433 KgC/ha/day. Thus, quantifying net carbon (C) storage in degraded land is a necessary step in the validation of carbon sequestration estimates and in assessing the possible role of these ecosystems in offsetting adverse impacts of fossil fuel emissions.

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Evaluation of Techniques to Improve White Pine Establishment on an Appalachian Minesoil

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Field Assessment of Mine Site Quality for Establishing Hardwoods in the Appalachians

Field Assessment of Mine Site Quality for Establishing Hardwoods in the Appalachians

Tree Survival on a Mountaintop Surface Mine in West Virginia

Study of terrestrial carbon flux by eddy covariance method in revegetated manganese mine spoil dump at Gumgaon, India

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