Evaluation of Superparamagnetic Silica Nanoparticles for Extraction of Triazines in Magnetic in-Tube Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled to Capillary Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Abstract:The use of magnetic nanomaterials for analytical applications has increased in the recent years. In particular, magnetic nanomaterials have shown great potential as adsorbent phase in several extraction procedures due to the significant advantages over the conventional methods. In the present work, the influence of magnetic forces over the extraction efficiency of triazines using superparamagnetic silica nanoparticles (NPs) in magnetic in tube solid phase microextraction (Magnetic-IT-SPME) coupled to CapLC has been evaluated. Atrazine, terbutylazine and simazine has been selected as target analytes. The superparamagnetic silica nanomaterial (SiO 2 -Fe 3 O 4 ) deposited onto the surface of a capillary column gave rise to a magnetic extraction phase for IT-SPME that provided a enhancemment of the extraction efficiency for triazines. This improvement is based on two phenomena, the superparamegnetic behavior of Fe 3 O 4 NPs and the diamagnetic repulsions that take place in a microfluidic device such a capillary column. A systematic study of analytes adsorption and desorption was conducted as function of the magnetic field and the relationship with triazines magnetic susceptibility. The positive influence of magnetism on OPEN ACCESS Nanomaterials 2014, 4 243 the extraction procedure was demonstrated. The analytical characteristics of the optimized procedure were established and the method was applied to the determination of the target analytes in water samples with satisfactory results. When coupling Magnetic-IT-SPME with CapLC, improved adsorption efficiencies (60%-63%) were achieved compared with conventional adsorption materials (0.8%-3%).

Recent advances of in-tube solid-phase microextraction

“…In-tube SPME-CapLC has been mostly used to analyze environmental samples. Organophosphorus compounds [27,28], triazines [29,30], lauralkonium chloride [31], chlorophyll [32] and sterols [33] have been successfully determined in water samples using in-tube SPME-CapLC-DAD (see Table 1). The same approach can be used in multiresidue analysis [7,8].…”

“…The analytes are transferred to the analytical column by changing the polarity of the applied magnetic field, so the analytes are released with the mobile phase. The utility of this methodology has been demonstrated for different kinds of emerging pollutant, such as pharmaceuticals with major consumption, organophosphorus pesticides and triazines [29,50,51]. Fig.…”

Progress in field‐assisted extraction and its application to solid sample analysis

“…Sample preparation methods based on magnetic field effects through magnetic particles or nanoparticles are mostly used for the extraction or clean‐up of analytes from liquid samples . When the Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles were used as adsorbent for MAE, Li et al.…”

Triazine‐based organic polymers@SiO2 nanospheres for sensitive solid‐phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…Among them, the combination of intube SPME and HPLC makes a possibility of high-throughput Article Related Abbreviations: DAD, diode array detector; EFs, enrichment factors; FLD, fluorescence detector; MSPE, magnetic solid-phase extraction; PEEK, polyetheretherketone; r, correlation coefficients; UVD, ultraviolet detector. Various materials with porosity, high specific surface area, and good adsorption properties have been fabricated for the efficient coatings of in-tube SPME such as carbon-based materials [17][18][19], metal-organic frameworks [20], nanomaterials [21], ionic liquids [22], and porous organic polymers. The extraction coating plays a critical role in sensitivity, capability, and repeatability.…”