Evaluation of structural change during fast transformation process of cross-linked NR into liquid NR by light pyrolysis

Wu, Xiaoyu; Formela, Krzysztof; Rasool, Raqiqa Tur; Wang, Shifeng

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.12.009

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The mixing and vulcanization of natural rubber were performed according to the literature . Natural rubber was first mixed on a two‐roll mill according to the following formula in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The light pyrolysis of vulcanized rubber was carried out in a hydraulic press (LP‐S‐50; Labtech) under the pressure of 10.4 MPa. The chamber temperature was set at 300°C and the duration was 15 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lately, a method called light pyrolysis which can reclaim scrap tires into a kind of liquid rubber has been reported and the resultant product was named light pyrolysis rubber (LPR). LPR was a typical kind of liquid rubber with reactive characteristics that could be used as a reactive plasticizer for tire rubber and terminal blend rubberized asphalts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LPR was a typical kind of liquid rubber with reactive characteristics that could be used as a reactive plasticizer for tire rubber and terminal blend rubberized asphalts . It must be mentioned that scrap tires, classified as renewable sources, are engendered yearly more than 17 million tons in the world which means that LPR is a relatively cheaper and more available material in contrast to the conventional reactive liquid rubbers. Consequently, it is significant to discover whether LPR as a kind of recycled material could replace the common liquid rubbers to toughen the epoxy resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal, mechanical properties and morphology of epoxy resins modified with light pyrolysis natural rubber

Zhao

Wang

2017

Adv Polym Technol

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Instead of using traditional functional liquid rubbers in toughening epoxy, light pyrolysis natural rubber (LPNR) obtained from scrap rubber was introduced to improve the toughness of cured epoxy resins. Epoxy blends were prepared by physically mixing the epoxy resins with various concentrations of LPNR. The structure, thermal, mechanical properties and morphology of the epoxy blends were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, impact behavior, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the inclusion of 5 phr LPNR reached the maximum value in impact strength of the modified epoxies and the presence of LPNR enables the epoxy resins to fracture in a pattern more akin to ductile materials than in case of the neat epoxy which shows features of brittle rupture. The agglomeration of rubber particles decreased the toughness of epoxy resins modified with more LPNR. Meanwhile, the nearly unchanged glass transition temperature of LPNR epoxy samples illustrated weak interfacial adhesion existed between the rubber phase and epoxy matrix due to low compatibility and feeble combination between them. The thermal stability of modified epoxy resins went down because of the existence of LPNR domains inside the matrix. Overall, the LPNR should be further investigated to improve its compatibility and reinforce its combination with the epoxy resins to become a particularly efficient toughening agent because of its cheaper resource and contribution to environmental protection. K E Y W O R D Sepoxy resin, light pyrolysis, natural rubber, toughen

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal, mechanical properties and morphology of epoxy resins modified with light pyrolysis natural rubber

Zhao

Wang

2017

Adv Polym Technol

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“…In our opinion, other promising approaches for further studies in field of microwave-induced thermal decomoposition of waste rubber can be devided into two directions: light pyrolysis and gasification. Light pyrolysis of waste rubber is relatively novel technology and comparing to conventional pyrolysis is performed in lower temperature (usually around 300°C or less) [90,91]. In this conditions primary pyrolysis occurs, which combine devolatilization of rubber additives (and other low molecular compounds) and partial thermal decomposition/degradation of waste rubber.…”

Section: Waste Rubber Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave treatment in waste rubber recycling – recent advances and limitations

Formela¹,

Hejna²,

Zedler³

et al. 2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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Environmentally-friendly microwave heating is increasingly used in polymer chemistry and technology. The selectivity and highly efficiency in the heat transfer present a huge advantage in systems based on recycling, improving their productivity and economic competitiveness. In case of the industrial recycling of waste rubbers, especially end-of-life tires, microwave-induced devulcanization and pyrolysis are nowadays considered as promising approaches. This work aims to report the recent progress in microwave treatments of vulcanized rubbers with different compositions. Special attention is focused on the correlation between microwave processing parameters and devulcanization/pyrolysis efficiency, which have a significant impact on the structure-property relationships of the obtained products. Moreover, the main challenges affecting the future of the industrial application of the microwave technology in rubber recycling are also discussed.

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The kinetic models analyses of hydrogenated natural rubber during non‐isothermal degradation process

Lang

Tang

Han

et al. 2022

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Hydrogenated natural rubber (HNR) was prepared by diimide reduction of natural rubber (NR) latex and characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR and TG‐DTG. The thermal degradation kinetic models of HNR were studied under a nitrogen atmosphere by TG‐DTG. Achar and Coats–Redfern methods were used to study the non‐isothermal kinetics models change during the thermal degradation process of NR after hydrogenation. The results indicated that HNR with 34.69% and 63.74% hydrogenation degree were prepared. A one‐stage pyrolysis pathway could be observed from all the TGA curves which were shifted to higher degradation temperatures with the rise of saturation degree. The similar activation energies obtained by both Coats–Redfern and Achar methods confirmed that the kinetics calculation was accurate. The results showed the best‐fit models of the samples with the highest regression coefficient values (R2 > 0.90) were chemical reaction models. The reaction order was three (N3) in NR case and the corresponding mechanism functions were g(α) = [(1‐α)−2–1]/2, f(α) = (1‐α)3. The reaction order was two (N2) when it came to HNR with hydrogenation degree of 34.69%. The most probable mechanism functions were g(α) = (1‐α)−1–1, f(α) = (1‐α)2. As the degree of hydrogenation increased to 63.74%, the reaction order best‐fit changed to one (N1) which was proved to be the same as the ethylene‐propylene diene rubber samples. And the mechanism functions were g(α) = −ln(1‐α), f(α) = 1‐α. The thermal degradation models of polymers was closely related to the structure. And the structure effects affected the degradation behavior as well as the thermal properties of polymers.

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Evaluation of structural change during fast transformation process of cross-linked NR into liquid NR by light pyrolysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Thermal, mechanical properties and morphology of epoxy resins modified with light pyrolysis natural rubber

Thermal, mechanical properties and morphology of epoxy resins modified with light pyrolysis natural rubber

Microwave treatment in waste rubber recycling – recent advances and limitations

The kinetic models analyses of hydrogenated natural rubber during non‐isothermal degradation process

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