Evaluation of speech misattribution bias in schizophrenia

Abstract

These data support the theory that misattribution of self-generated speech to others could result in verbal hallucinations. The syntactic (pronoun) factor could impact self-other distinction in subtypes of verbal hallucinations that are phenomenologically defined whereas the acoustic factor (gender of heard speech) is unlikely to affect self-other distinction.

Externalizing biases and hallucinations in source-monitoring, self-monitoring and signal detection studies: a meta-analytic review

“…Rather, performance in both tasks might be affected by common top-down influences that could contribute to the formation of hallucinatory experiences. Further research is required to investigate the relationship between externalizing bias estimates from source-monitoring, self-monitoring and SDT tasks, and determine whether these Allen et al (2006) 0.51 -0.03 1.05 0.07 Barkus et al (2007) 0.85 0.25 1.45 0.01 Barkus et al (2011) 0.37 -0.15 0.90 0.16 Bentall & Slade (1985a) 1.49 0.53 2.44 0.00 Laroi et al (2004) 0.93 0.35 1.50 0.00 Rankin & O'Carroll (1995) 1.62 0.81 2.43 0.00 0.41 -0.28 1.10 0.24 0.79 0.30 1.28 0.00 0.80 0.54 1.06 0.00 Clinical Allen et al (2004) 1.64 0.80 2.48 0.00 Allen et al (2007) 1.24 0.32 2.17 0.01 Arguedas et al (2012) -0.12 -0.87 0.63 0.76 Bendall et al (2012) 0.57 -0.03 1.17 0.06 Bentall & Slade (1985a) 1.22 0.30 2.14 0.01 Bentall et al (1991) 0.50 -0.25 1.24 0.19 Brebion et al (2000) 0.09 -0.52 0.70 0.78 Brunelin et al (2006) 0.58 0.08 1.09 0.02 Johns et al (2001) 0.23 -0.66 1.12 0.62 Johns et al (2006) 0.48 -0.23 1.18 0.19 Morrison & Haddock (1997) 0.92 0.10 1.74 0.03 Stephane et al (2010) 0.11 -0.65 0.87 0.78 Varese et al (2012) 0.99 0.25 1.73 0.01 Vercammen et al (2008) 0.36 -0.34 1.06 0.32 Woodward et al (2007) 0 make independent contributions to hallucinationproneness.…”

Brain Mechanisms of Reality Monitoring

“…One prediction is that individuals with schizophrenia should be impaired on [ 3 0 5 _ T D $ D I F F ] seen versus imagined memory tasks that have been shown to elicit anterior PFC activity in healthy volunteers. Of 20 studies of reality monitoring in schizophrenia surveyed for this article (Table 1), involving a total of 700 patients and 505 controls, 19 studies reported impaired reality monitoring in the patients, including four studies in which the deficit was found to be specific to reality monitoring, with item recognition memory being preserved [57][58][59][60]. A second prediction, if hallucinations result from misidentifying imagined stimuli as being real, is that an externalization bias should be observed in schizophrenia during reality [ 2 7 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] monitoring performance, [ 3 0 6 _ T D $ D I F F ] with more errors on self-generated than externally generated trials, and that this bias should be greater in patients with schizophrenia who experience hallucinations than in those who do not.…”

“…A second prediction, if hallucinations result from misidentifying imagined stimuli as being real, is that an externalization bias should be observed in schizophrenia during reality [ 2 7 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] monitoring performance, [ 3 0 6 _ T D $ D I F F ] with more errors on self-generated than externally generated trials, and that this bias should be greater in patients with schizophrenia who experience hallucinations than in those who do not. Of the four studies reporting a specific reality [ 2 7 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] monitoring impairment in schizophrenia, three noted that the deficit only (or disproportionately) involved the misidentification of internally generated stimuli as having been externally generated [58][59][60]. Furthermore, all five studies that compared reality monitoring in patients with and without hallucinations, and measured externalization bias, observed a greater likelihood of misidentifying internally generated stimuli as being real in the patients who experienced hallucinations ( [57,[61][62][63][64], [ 3 0 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] see also [65,66] for previous reviews highlighting such associations).…”

Sense of agency and mentalizing: Dissociation of subdomains of social cognition in patients with schizophrenia

“…Clinical observations reveal that schizophrenia is associated with both over-attributions (other-to-self-direction) as well as under-attributions (self-to-other direction). This is also reflected in the schizophrenia literature with respect to speech attribution (Johns et al, 2001, Johns et al, 2006, Stephane et al, 2009) and also with respect to incorrect agency attribution either to external sources or to the self (Daprati, et al, 1997, Fourneret, et al, 2001). In the majority of agency manipulation studies schizophrenia patients showed a tendency similar to that in our study, namely, a…”