Evaluation of Specific Absorption Rate due to Medical Implant in Near-Field Exposure

Abstract

This paper presents the effects of conductive medical implant on energy absorbed by the human body and the testicular area when exposed to near field electromagnetic radiation. A dipole antenna is used as the radiating source and it is placed in front of the trousers pocket. Two types of medical implants are used in this study: intramedullary nail and bone plate. Numerical simulations are performed by means of CST Microwave Studio. Results are discussed in terms of changes in SAR values due to the presence of conductive medical implant at 0.4, 0.9, 1.8 and 2.4 GHz. The results have indicated that the conductive intramedullary nail that is located inside the femur significantly increases the SAR. Maximum enhancement in SAR is found when the length of the intramedullary nail is approximately one wavelength of the respective frequency tested. The measurement results indicate good agreements with the simulation results at 2.4 GHz.

A Low-Profile Compact Meander Line Telemetry Antenna with Low SAR for Medical Applications

“…In order to preserve patient safety, the standard SAR guidelines need to be carefully addressed. The antenna is required to be designed with accuracy and carefulness, considering it is surrounded by a complicated tissue environment [21,22]. Generally, for implantable antenna measurements and analysis, there are two approaches used to mimic the human body, which are the one-layer skin tissues model (homogenous phantom) and three-layer model (non-homogenous phantom) consisting of skin, fat, and muscle [23,24].…”