Evaluation of some insects as potential feed ingredients for ruminants: chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emissions

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kandungan nutrien, fermentasi rumen, kecernaan dan emisi metana secara in vitro sejumlah serangga yakni jangkrik (JFC), ulat hongkong (MW) dan larva black soldier fly berumur 1 dan 2 minggu (BSF1 dan BSF2). Sampel serangga dikeringkan pada suhu 60 o C selama 24 jam, kemudian digiling berukuran 1 mm. Sampel yang telah digiling kemudian dianalisis kandungan nutriennya serta diuji secara in vitro. Inkubasi in vitro dilakukan pada water bath pada suhu 39ºC selama 48 h, serta dilakukan dalam tiga ulangan di mana masing-masing ulangan direpresentasikan dengan dua botol inkubasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua serangga yang diujikan mengandung protein kasar yang tinggi yakni di atas 40% BK. Proporsi neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP) dan neutral detergent insoluble CP (ADICP) pada serangga lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bungkil kedelai, terutama sangat tinggi pada BSF2. Konsentrasi NH 3 tertinggi terdapat pada inkubasi JFC dibandingkan dengan yang lain (P<0,05) dan paling rendah pada BSF2. Semua sampel serangga memiliki KCBK dan KCBO yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan bungkil kedelai (P<0,05). Emisi metana dari serangga pada jam inkubasi ke-12, 24 dan 48 jam lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan bungkil kedelai (P<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa serangga tinggi akan protein dan menghasilkan emisi metana yang rendah, namun kecernaannya relatif rendah sehingga dapat membatasi penggunaannya. Kata Kunci: serangga, jangkrik, ulat hongkong, black soldier fly, fermentasi rumen ABSTRACTThis experiment was aimed to evaluate chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation, digestibility and methane emissions of some insects, i.e. Jamaican field cricket (JFC), mealworm (MW) and black soldier fly larvae age 1 and 2 weeks (BSF1 and BSF2). Insect samples were oven-dried at 60 o C for 24 h, and ground to pass a 1 mm sieve. The ground samples were used subsequently for chemical composition determination and in vitro rumen fermentation test. Incubation was carried out in a water bath maintained at 39 ºC for 48 h in three replicates. Results revealed that all insect meals contained high crude protein, i.e. above 40% DM. Proportions of neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP) and neutral detergent insoluble CP (ADICP) were high in the insect meals than that of soybean meal (SBM), and these were particularly very high in BSF2. All insect meals had lower IVDMD and IVOMD than that of SBM (P<0.05). All insect meals had lower methane emissions as compared to SBM at 12, 24 and 48 h (P<0.05). It can be concluded that insect meals are potential protein supplements and have low methane emissions in vitro. However, their digestibility is rather low and may limit their utilization.

Impact of Thermal and High-Pressure Treatments on the Microbiological Quality and In Vitro Digestibility of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae

“…The ruminal IVTDMD of untreated BSFL was high (0.88), indicating its potential as a digestible component in the ruminant diet. In contrast, Jayanegara et al [30] found a lower IVTDMD in BSFL (<0.56) and other insect species (Jamaican field cricket-0.64, and mealworm-0.60). As in the case of the monogastric ATTD, TP did not affect (p > 0.05) the IVTDMD.…”

“…BSFL showed a high content of relevant macro (Ca, P, K, Mg) and micro minerals (Mn, Fe, Zn), with a Ca/P ratio of 4.2. Ca level, the major mineral of BSFL, is dependent on the substrate and tends to increase in the pre-pupae and pupae stage [30]. The calcium content of BSFL found in the present study was higher (18.5 g/kg DM) than in previous studies using a similar substrate (5.36 g/kg [31]; 1.70 g/kg [22]) but lower than common values observed in BSFL (50-86 g/kg [3]).…”

Use of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) to substitute soybean meal in ruminant diet: An in vitro rumen fermentation study

“…The chemical analysis included proximate analysis, i.e.,, dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), CP, ether extract (EE), crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract [ 16 ], Van Soest’s analysis, i.e., neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) [ 17 ], and insoluble CP determination, i.e., neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP) and acid detergent insoluble CP (ADICP) [ 18 ]. Chemical composition determination of the individual feed materials was performed in duplicate, and the results had been published elsewhere [ 6 ].…”

“…Apart from their high protein contents, insects contain relatively good and balance amino acid profiles [ 2 ] and have been fed to some animal species particularly the monogastrics such as fish, poultry, and swine [ 3 ]. Insect species that have been evaluated as feed resources included locust, grasshopper, cricket, silkworm, house fly maggot [ 4 ], mealworm [ 5 , 6 ], and black soldier fly (BSF) larvae [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Digestive Organs and Status of Escherichia coli in Quail Intestine Given Defatted Maggot (Hermetia illucens) Meal as a Substitute For Meat Bone Meal

“…Maggot (Hermetia illucens) atau larva black soldier fly dapat menjadi salah satu sumber protein alternatif dalam ransum unggas. Menurut Jayanegara et al (2017), tepung maggot (Hermetia illucens) mempunyai kandungan protein kasar sebesar 44,9%, lemak kasar sebesar 29,1%, serat kasar sebesar 16,4%, dan abu sebesar 8,1%. Kandungan nutrisi maggot (Hermetia illucens) berupa protein kasar memiliki persentase yang cukup tinggi dan hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa maggot (Hermetia illucens) memiliki potensi besar untuk menggantikan MBM.…”