Evaluation of somaclonal variation during somatic embryogenesis of interior spruce (Picea glauca engelmannii complex) using culture morphology and isozyme analysis

Abstract

Somaclonal variation during interior spruce (Picea glauca engelmannii complex) somatic embryogenesis was evaluated using culture morphology and isozyme analysis. Genotype-specific abscisic acid-dependent developmental profiles and isozyme patterns were similar for subclone and parent line embryogenic cultures and cotyledonary somatic embryos. Extensive analysis of fifteen hundred subclone embryos of one genotype revealed no isozyme pattern variation. Initiation of embryogenic cultures was dependent on the developmental stage of the explant although cultures derived from different stages were morphologically similar. The embryogenic cultures initiated from interior spruce embryos show a high degree of genetic stability in that the morphological behavior and isozyme phenotype were always consistent with that of the explant genotype. These results support the conclusion that this culture system is appropriate for clonal propagation of interior spruce.

Isoenzyme markers for assessment of in vitro plants from Ruscus Aculeatus L.

“…On the other hand POD pattern of the V133 was most polymorphic. The dissociation of the POD and EST isoforms and induction of new forms was related to somaclonal variation in in vitro plants in other species as well (9)(10)(11). All isoform of the acid phosphatase were very intensive unlike previous report previously (7) and highly polymorphic regardless of the clone origin.…”

Karyotype analysis and optimization of mitotic index in Picea mariana (black spruce) preparations from seedling root tips and embryogenic cultures

“…Recent molecular studies on genetic stability of black spruce embryogenic cultures showed no variation within the clones (Isabel et al, 1993). The basis for the apparent genetic stability of these embryogenic cultures is unknown but may be related to their embryogenic character (Eastman et a!., 1991 In herbaceous plants, however, the occurrence of…”

Somaclonal Variation in Tissue Culture: A Case Study with Olive

“…These methods are considered to produce genetically uniform and true-to-type plants, because the organised meristems generally are believed to be immune to genetic changes [28,29]. Several reports of experimental studies support this view [30,31,32,33,34,35]. However, there is an increasing body of evidence that indicates that in embryogenic cultures, selection in favour of 'normal cells' does not always take place during development and that growth of mutant cells can occur as well, which can induce variability in the cultures [36].…”

“…Cytometry has been used to identify the particular characteristics of somaclonal variation in Vitis vinifera [83,84,85] and Citrus lemon [7]. Proteins and isozymes have been used widely as markers for identifying cultivars and characterising somaclonal variation in many fruit species [33]. Isozyme analysis has been used to assess genetic fidelity in Citrus plants regenerated through organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis [86].…”