Evaluation of skeletal variations and establishment of Cephalometric Norms in Saudi Sub Population using Bjork Jarabak’s analysis

Abstract

Objective:To evaluate the skeletal variations amongst individuals and to compare the measurements with the standardized linear and angular values of Bjork Jarabak’s analysis.Methods:This study was conducted at POS Department, King Khalid University on 100 adult Saudi patients recruited through convenience sampling. It was conducted between April to September 2017, had inclusion criteria of patients between the age group 17 to 22 years showing normal occlusion. After history and examinations, lateral cephalographs were taken, scanned and traced using Dolphin Imaging Software and Cephalometric points were recognized. Linear and angular dimensions were calculated according to Bjork-Jarabak’s method.Results:Analysis and assessment of Saudi male and female values revealed considerable variation in the anterior and posterior cranial base lengths (p<0.05), anterior and posterior face height, ramus height, and mandibular length. Male measurements in contrast to Jarabak’s values showed noteworthy variances in articular angle, anterior and posterior cranial base, ramus height, length of mandible, anterior face height and Jarabak’s ratio. Female dimensions in relation to Jarabak’s norms showed considerable variances in articular angle, anterior cranial base, posterior facial height with less significant values in Saudi females while compared with Jarabak’s norms apart from mandibular body length which is more in Saudi females.Conclusion:Skeletal variations amongst Saudi males and females were significant and comparison with standardized linear and angular values of Bjork Jarabak’s analysis was also significant.

Features of teleroentgenographic indices determined by the methods of Bjork, Sassouni, Jarabak and Kim (scientific literature analysis)

“…A similar study was conducted by scientists in Saudi Arabia in 2018 [2] at King Khalid University. Between April and September 2017, 100 individuals between the ages of 17 and 22 were selected by researchers to perform a radiographic study using Jarabak and Bjork methods.…”

“…The clinical application of cephalometry knowledge is cephalometric analysis, which is used in such fields as dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery where cephalometric guidelines assist physicians in planning orthodontic intervention. Cephalometric analysis has become an integral part not only in modern treatment but also in scientific research [1,2,10,11,12,15,18,26].…”

“…The rapid development of dentistry and scientific thought in the twentieth century led to the emergence of a large number of methods of cephalometric analysis, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. In this regard, orthodontists usually use several methods of cephalometric analysis at the same time in their work [1,2,3,20,21].…”

Correlation Between Sex and Facial Soft Tissue Characteristics Among Young Saudi Patients with Various Orthodontic Skeletal Malocclusions

“…Cephalometric analysis is a simple and informative diagnostic technique, and the generated 2D images plus evaluation results are reliable [8]. A cephalometric radiograph helps in evaluating the anteroposterior jaw relationship, skeletal class of occlusion, and growth prediction, and is an important tool for orthodontic clinicians and researchers in the formulation of a final treatment plan [9]. With knowledge of standard facial traits and the patient's soft tissue features, an individualized norm can be established for each patient to enhance facial attractiveness [5,6].…”

Correlation Between Cephalometric and Photographic Results of Determining the Lower Anterior Facial Height

“…Changes in vertical growth are prevalent and have some orthodontic sequels (1). One of the fundamental problems in orthodontic management is the growth forecast (2). A long or short face perhaps is the result of the malformation of hard or soft tissues of the face (1).…”