Evaluation of serum ferritin and thyroid function in the second trimester of pregnancy

Abstract

Abstract. Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that acts as an iron carrier. Several studies have indicated that iron deficiency affects thyroid function in non-pregnant women. Our objective was to assess the relationship between serum ferritin levels and thyroid function in pregnant women during the second trimester. Pregnant women with sufficient iodine intake and normal antithyroid antibodies during the second trimester were recruited from the obstetric outpatient department of the Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University. Serum ferritin (SF) levels, thyroid function, anti-thyroid antibodies and vitamin B12 were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay kit. Maternal serum iron (Fe), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), hemoglobin (Hb), creatinine (Cr), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also evaluated. Stepwise regressions performed to evaluate the associations between SF and other maternal parameters. In the second trimester, 11.4% pregnant women had a SF concentration less than 12 μg/L, and 7.6% pregnant women were anemic. SF levels were negatively correlated with serum TSH levels (r = -0.219, p < 0.05), and positively correlated with FT4 levels (r = 0.203, p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed only SF, age, week of gestation were significant predictors of regression with TSH as the dependent variable (β: -0.007, -0.059, and 0.118 respectively; all p < 0.05). However consistent relation between the SF levels and FT4 was not observed in stepwise linear regression. Maternal iron status is a determinant of TSH concentrations during pregnancy in pregnant women during the second trimester.Key words: Serum ferritin, Thyroid function, Thyroid stimulating hormone, Pregnancy, The second trimester THYROID DISEASE is a common endocrine disorder prevalent in pregnant women. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during the second trimester of pregnancy is 5.96% and 2.29%, respectively in China [1]. Maternal thyroid dysfunction has been reportedly associated with gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, spontaneous abortion, fetal loss, dysplasia, and inadequate neuropsychological development in children [2][3][4][5]. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the main cause of hypothyroidism during pregnancy [6,7]. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is also

Iron Deficiency, a Risk Factor of Thyroid Disorders in Reproductive-Age and Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Sixteen of them were downloaded in full and read carefully. Eight articles were excluded because the data couldn't be extracted (20,21) or the research subjects were not grouped according to ID (10,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Finally, a total of eight articles were included in our meta-analysis ( Figure 1).…”

“…Iron is an important micronutrient for maintaining cell energy and metabolism (8). Iron deficiency (ID) manifested as a decrease in the extracellular iron of the bone marrow and lower serum ferritin than normal, is concerned as the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide and can lead to adverse effects on thyroid metabolism in both reproductive-age women and pregnant women (9,10). Some studies have shown that ID can negatively impact thyroid function by interfering with oxygen transport or affecting thyroid peroxidase activity (11,12).…”

Changes in complete blood count parameters influenced by endocrine disorders

“…On the other hand, iron deficiency is often linked to thyroid diseases, as less iron reduces the activity of thyroid peroxidase -an enzyme essential for the production of thyroid hormones. Concluding, in pregnant women a complete blood count should be monitored, and in case of anaemia, diagnostics directed towards thyroid diseases should be initiated, even if they were not diagnosed before pregnancy [8]. Keskin et al described differences in haematological parameters between patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and a healthy control group, both being euthyroid [9].…”

Iron nutritional status is associated with thyroid hormone levels in the second trimester of pregnancy: a case-control study

“…Iron nutrition has a profound influence on brain development and neurotransmitter formation during fetal development. The most striking effect of ID is the impairment of intellectual function 4 . ID can disrupt the brain development and lead to abnormal hippocampal structure and function; it also changes brain energy metabolism and neuronal signaling [4][5][6] .…”