Evaluation of Serum Amyloid A and Surfactant Protein D in Sera for Identification of the Clinical Condition of Horses with Bacterial Pneumonia

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In the present study, the concentrations of serum amyloid A and surfactant protein D in sera were measured to evaluate them for identification of the clinical condition of horses with bacterial pneumonia. The study utilized 185 clinically healthy control thoroughbreds and 9 thoroughbreds for experimental infectious study with S. zooepidemicus. Blood samples were collected from the 185 healthy control thoroughbreds. The 9 thoroughbreds were experimentally infected S. zooepidemicus using an endoscopic injection to a lung lobe and were then observed of clinical conditions. Blood samples were collected before inoculation and on the 1-15th, 22nd, and 29th days after inoculation (follow-up group). The levels of SAA and SP-D in the healthy control thoroughbreds were very low. In the follow-up group, the levels of SAA and SP-D changed in parallel with the horses' clinical condition. The pyrexia observed after bacterial inoculation faded by the 11th day, and the changes in SAA and SP-D occurred simultaneous to disappearance of the clinical signs. Measurement of SAA and SP-D proved useful for monitoring the clinical condition of the horses with bacterial pneumonia. Changes in the SP-D value were preceded by changes in the SAA value. Since the changes in SP-D occurred approximately simultaneous to the changes in the horses' clinical signs, we believe that they reflect the condition of the alveolar membranes. We conclude that measurement of SAA and SP-D in sera is useful for identification of the clinical condition of horses with bacterial pneumonia. KEY WORDS: bacterial pneumonia, clinical condition, equine, serum amyloid A, surfactant protein D.

Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals: An assessment of the early diagnostic value of serum amyloid A and plasma fibrinogen concentrations in equine clinical practice

“…Notwithstanding the promising reports regarding the potential of SAA monitoring in the field of equine medicine, fibrinogen still represents the most commonly analyzed APP in routine practice (Giguère et al, 2003;Hobo et al, 2007). In clinically healthy adult horses, fibrinogen is normally present in concentrations ranging from 2 to 4 g/L (Crisman et al, 2008).…”

Effect of a tart cherry juice blend on exercise-induced muscle damage in horses

“…[35][36][37] Serum amyloid A has been identified 38,39 as an inflammation marker that correlates well with clinical conditions in humans, and use of SAA concentration was recently validated for clinical application in horses with bacterial pneumonia. 40 Acute-phase proteins such as SAA have been proposed as the most sensitive indicators of inflammation in horses. 38,39 The purpose of the study reported here was to determine whether administering a TCJB to horses prior to exercise would reduce skeletal and cardiac muscle damage by influencing the inflammatory and oxidative stress response to exercise.…”

Development of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Bovine Surfactant Protein D in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

“…SP-D is increased in sera of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic interstitial lung diseases, and alveolar proteinosis [13]. Recently, Hobo et al reported that the concentrations of serum SP-D changed in parallel with the clinical condition during experimental pneumonia induced by bacterial inoculation in horses [11]. Fujita et al reported that in mice the protein level of SP-D in lung homogenates increased in acute and chronic pulmonary inflammations, accompanied by an increase of the concentration of serum SP-D, suggesting that increasing lung SP-D leaks out into the circulation when the alveolar basal membrane is damaged [4].…”