Evaluation of Selected Thermal Changes in Textile Materials Arising in the Wake of the Impact of Heat Radiation

Abstract

The detection of changes in the morphological and chemical structure of four cotton/polyester blend fabrics and their constituent fibres caused by thermal radiation was the purpose of the study. Relatively short exposure times, i.e., 20 s, 25 s, 30 s and 40 s, of fabrics for an incident heat flux density of 10 kW/m2 were applied so that they did not cause changes visible to the naked eye. Such experimental conditions have been selected to resemble the ones that may occur during firefighting, rescue operations, some professional activities as well as during criminal events. The assumption that using the sequence of physicochemical methods, i.e., optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy, will make it possible to identify selected thermal changes in examined materials caused by a short-term temperature increase has been positively verified. Out of applied techniques, scanning electron microscopy showed the highest efficiency in tracking morphological changes in fibres occurring under the influence of heat radiation, while the FTIR method allows for the identification of thermal changes in the chemical structure of cotton fibres. Optical microscopic methods were also characterised by relatively high usefulness in the detection of thermal changes, especially in terms of the physical microstructure of PES fibres. The changes occurring in the fibres due to the action of heat radiation depend not only on the thermal behaviour of a particular type of fibre but also on the structural parameters of the examined textiles, i.e., porosity, and the mutual position of particular types of fibres in the three-dimensional structure of yarns and fabrics. Moreover, the studies revealed the presence of tiny, deformed balls at the ends of the thermoplastic fibres, visible on the surface of some original polyester-cotton textiles, caused by a singeing technological process, which should be taken into account during interpretation of analytical findings.

Interpol review of fibres and textiles 2019-2022

“…Textile materials change after exposure to heat [ 26 ]. The authors examined blends of cotton/polyester textile materials that were briefly exposed to an incident heat flux of 10 kW/m 2 , causing a damage on the microscopic scale, not visible to the naked eye.…”

Cellulosic Polymers for Enhancing Drug Bioavailability in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems

“…It has 29 • C as the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), which shows that at a low temperature it acts as a Newtonian flow and increases in viscosity is seen above 29 • C [113]. Cellulose derivatives can be used for different purposes, such as in hemodialysis, biosensor [119], textile fibers [120], nanoparticles [121], and hydrogels [122]. Therefore, cellulose derivatives are widely used to enhance the bioavailability of various class II drugs, by increasing the aqueous solubility of the drugs in the ocular system.…”

Assessment of Thermal Performance of Phase-Change Material-Based Multilayer Protective Clothing Exposed to Contact and Radiant Heat

“…PCMs are also commonly and successfully used in heat-insulating clothing, designed especially for work in extreme thermal conditions. Both in very low and very high ambient temperatures, an important problem is to simultaneously ensure effective protection against the harmful effects of the cold/heat and ensure the ergonomics of clothing [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. This clothing is usually made of thick, multi-layered textile systems, which significantly reduces the user's freedom of movement and prevents him from effective and precise work [31]; in addition, during intense physical exertion, these garments often become wet due to the secretion of sweat by the wearer, which in turn reduces their thermal insulation and increases the feeling of discomfort [32][33][34][35][36][37].…”