Evaluation of scalp hair nickel and chromium level changes in patients with fixed orthodontic appliance: a one-year follow-up study

Jamshidi, Saman; Kamel, Manouchehr Rahmati; Mirzaie, Maysam; Sarrafan, Ahmadreza; Khafri, Soraya; Parsian, Hadi

doi:10.1080/00016357.2017.1372624

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[28] Nickel and chromium ions in the scalp hair show slightly elevated levels in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. [2] Listerine causes the highest release of nickel and chromium ions and Listerine Advanced White, Oral B 3D White Luxe, and distilled water were similar in terms of ion release. Oral B caused the lowest release of ions in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] Metal ions such as nickel, chromium, and zinc can be released from the orthodontic appliances as part of the dissolution and the biomechanical process of alloys. [2] Nickel is a common allergen and powerful sensitizer. With amounts as low as 2.5 ng/mL, nickel has been found to impair the chemotaxis of leukocytes and stimulate neutrophils to become aspherical and move slowly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo study on the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum from patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances

Quadras¹,

Nayak

Kumari

et al. 2019

Dent Res J

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Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances can release metal ions such as nickel, chromium, and zinc into saliva and blood, which can cause contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity, and cytotoxicity. This study was undertaken to assess the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This in vivo study was conducted on 80 participants with an age range of 15–40 years. Thirty were included as controls and 50 participants were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Saliva and blood samples were collected at five different periods, before insertion of fixed orthodontic appliance and at 1 week, 3 months, 1 year, and 1.5 years after insertion of appliance, respectively. The metal ion content in the samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean levels of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum were compared between groups using independent sample t -test and before and after results using paired t -test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: At the end of 1.5 years, the mean salivary levels of nickel, chromium, and zinc in controls were 5.02 ppb, 1.27 ppb, and 10.24 ppb, respectively, as compared to 67 ppb, 30.8 ppb, and 164.7 ppb at the end of 1.5 years. This was statistically significant with P < 0.001. A significant increase in the metal ion levels were seen in participants with before and after insertion of appliance ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Orthodontic appliances do release considerable amounts of metal ions such as nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum. However, it was within permissible levels and did not reach toxic levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo study on the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum from patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances

Quadras¹,

Nayak

Kumari

et al. 2019

Dent Res J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The studies were published from 2006 to 2018. Two studies were reported from Poland [16, 17], 2 studies from Iran [3, 5], 1 study from Spain [18], and 1 study from Italy [19]. The study included 197 cases and 173 controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pooled SMD of hair Ni levels between the cases and controls was 0.95 µg/g (95% CI: –0.09, 1.99; p = 0.07; I 2 = 95%; p heterogeneity < 0.00001); the result showed that the Ni level was similar in the cases compared with the controls, but with a slightly elevated level in the cases (Figure 2). To reduce heterogeneity (sensitivity analysis), we removed 1 study [3] from the analysis so that pooled SMD became 0.04 µg/g (95% CI: –0.41, 0.49; p = 0.87; I 2 = 72%; p heterogeneity = 0.006); the result showed again that the Ni level was similar in the cases compared with the controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy for a mean period of 16 months can lead to increased levels of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) ions in the saliva of patients [1], which can be an uncomfortable experience and affect the quality of life [2]. Ni and Cr are metals commonly used in the structure of fixed orthodontic appliances, including bands, brackets, and wires [3, 4]. Nickel is the most common contact allergen [5, 6] affecting women in Europe and the USA [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of hair nickel and chromium levels in patients with a fixed orthodontic appliance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

Imani

Delavarian

Arab

et al. 2019

pdia

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Introduction The metals nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) can cause immunological sensitivity and adverse biological and cytotoxic effects. Aim To evaluate hair levels of these metals in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment compared with controls. Material and methods Five databases – PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect – were searched up to January 2018 for evaluation of the hair levels of nickel and/or chromium in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. To assess the study quality, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used (NOS), and to compare hair Ni and Cr levels in the cases compared with the controls, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 using standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Out of 38 studies in the databases searched, 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled SMD of hair Ni levels between the cases and controls was 0.95 μg/g (95% CI: –0.09, 1.99; p = 0.07), which showed that the Ni level was similar in the cases compared with the controls, and that for hair Cr levels was 0.88 μg/g (95% CI: –0.45, 2.21; p = 0.20), so the Cr level was similar in the cases compared with the controls. Conclusions The slightly elevated hair levels of Ni and Cr in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment suggest that changing the components of fixed orthodontic appliances can be considered as an acceptable solution in the future.

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Metal ion quantification in the saliva of patients with lingual arch appliances using silver solder, laser, or TIG welding

Schacher

Menezes

2019

Clin Oral Invest

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ObjectivesQuantify metal ion release in the saliva, considering that orthodontic appliances with soldered or welded parts may suffer corrosion and release metal ions into saliva, which can trigger adverse effects, such as hypersensitivity. MethodsSixty-four patients were distributed into four groups: G1 (control), G2 (silver-soldered lingual arch), G3 (laser-welded lingual arch), and G4 (TIG-welded lingual arch). Saliva samples were collected at four different points and were analyzed for ion release with ICP-MS. ResultsFor Cr, Fe, Cu, and Sn ion concentrations among groups, there was no difference along collections and no statistically significant difference throughout collections for any group (P > 0.05, with release values between 3.3 and 4.2 μg/L for Cr, 201 and 314.8 μg/L for Fe, 23.1 and 40.7 μg/L for Cu, and 13 and 27.7 μg/L for Sn). For Ni, G4 showed an increased ion release at T2 (14.3 μg/L) and T4 (34.5 μg/L), values with an interaction effect (P < 0.001) comparing the groups and the points of collection. For Zn, Ag, and Cd ions there was no difference along the points in time (P > 0.05). For Zn ions, there was a statistic difference from G4 to G1 and G2 (P = 0.007 and P = 0.019), with median values ranging from 741.7 to 963.4 μg/L for G4, and for Ag ions, from G4 to G2 and G3 (P < 0.001 for both), with lower medians for G4 (3.7-6.1 μg/L). For Cd ions there was a statistic difference from T1 to T4 in all groups (P = 0.016), with lower values for T4. ConclusionsDifferent welding procedures may affect salivary ion concentrations. For most ions there was no significant increase comparing welding and comparing throughout points in the same group. Although TIG welding presented greater Ni ion release, this possibly occurred due to a bigger corrosion of the welded. Clinical relevanceDetermining the amount of released metal ions from the use of orthodontic appliances is relevant to ensure the safest method for patients. Welding procedures affect salivary ion concentrations, when comparing ion release triggered by one of the most common devices used for preventive/interceptive orthodontic treatments.

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Evaluation of scalp hair nickel and chromium level changes in patients with fixed orthodontic appliance: a one-year follow-up study

Abstract: Due to the slightly elevated levels of Ni and Cr ions in the scalp hair of patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances and considering the cytotoxic and allergic effects of these ions, changing the ingredients in fixed orthodontic appliances is suggested for the future.

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

In vivo study on the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum from patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances

In vivo study on the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum from patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances

Assessment of hair nickel and chromium levels in patients with a fixed orthodontic appliance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

Metal ion quantification in the saliva of patients with lingual arch appliances using silver solder, laser, or TIG welding

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