<i>In vivo</i> study on the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum from patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances

Quadras, Dilip Daniel; Nayak, U S Krishna; Kumari, N. Suchetha; Priyadarshini, H R; Gowda, Srinivasa; Fernandes, Bennete

doi:10.4103/1735-3327.261155

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Amongst them, stainless steel, nickel-titanium, β-titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys are the most commonly used orthodontic materials. Previous studies have shown that orthodontic appliances made out of the previously mentioned materials release metal ions over time [39]. The amount of released metal ions is largely dependent on the type of alloy, surrounding environment and the exposure time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Metal Ions That Make up Orthodontic Alloys Cytotoxic, and Do They Induce Oxidative Stress in a Yeast Cell Model?

Kovač

Poljšak

Primožič

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Compositions of stainless steel, nickel-titanium, cobalt-chromium and β-titanium orthodontic alloys were simulated with mixtures of Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Ti and Mo metal ions as potential oxidative stress-triggering agents. Wild-type yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two mutants ΔSod1 and ΔCtt1 were used as model organisms to assess the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress occurrence. Metal mixtures at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µM were prepared out of metal chlorides and used to treat yeast cells for 24 h. Every simulated orthodontic alloy at 1000 µM was cytotoxic, and, in the case of cobalt-chromium alloy, even 100 µM was cytotoxic. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage were detected for stainless steel and both cobalt-chromium alloys at 1000 µM in wild-type yeast and 100 µM in the ΔSod1 and ΔCtt1 mutants. Simulated nickel-titanium and β-titanium alloy did not induce oxidative stress in any of the tested strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Metal Ions That Make up Orthodontic Alloys Cytotoxic, and Do They Induce Oxidative Stress in a Yeast Cell Model?

Kovač

Poljšak

Primožič

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Bhasin et al [ 10 ] showed that during the period of fixed orthodontic treatment, nickel and chromium levels elevated the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and showed increasing signs of gingival inflammation as well as oral mucosa cells [ 11 ]. Over the treatment period, serum levels can increase, although they do not reach toxic levels, as per the report of Quadras et al [ 12 ]. Fitjer et al [ 13 ] were able to prove that the wires inside of polymerised acrylic resin of removable appliances corrode, leading to discolorations of the resin and loss of sheen on the surface of the metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

In Vitro Ion Release of Wires in Removable Orthodontic Appliances

et al. 2021

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Various orthodontic wire compositions and configurations are present on the market for removable appliances; however, there have still been only few studies focusing on the effect of resin color and additives such as glitter on corrosion of metallic wires under different conditions. Thus, the aim of the study was to compare concentrations of released ions (aluminium, chromium, nickel) in a corrosive medium under three different conditions: non-loaded wires, loaded wires, and non-loaded wires treated with Kukis® cleaning tablets. Six different wires made of three types of steel alloy were embedded in PMMA resin leaving one centimetre of each wire emerging from the resin to come into contact with the corrosive medium. Glitter particles were added to half of the produced test specimens. For the unloaded test series, five specimens of each group were covered in a petri dish with 50 mL of corrosive medium (pH 2.3) following EN-ISO 10271 for seven days at 37 °C. The wires for the mechanically loaded test specimens overlapped the resin by 5 cm and were clamped into a time-switched electric drive for a defined period of time before the samples were taken after a testing time of 7 days. In the third group, unloaded test specimens were transferred from their petri dishes into the prepared Kukis® solution every 24 h before being stored in the corrosive medium. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the specific ions in the corrosive solution. Statistical analysis showed that the mechanical loading of all wires could significantly raise the diffusion of ions into the corrosive medium. The colour of the resin did not affect the concentration of the released ions. The Kukis® cleaning tabs could not lower the corrosion of the tested metals, as some of the wires were corroded even more using the brace cleanser. Glitter-containing test specimens showed significantly higher amounts of aluminium. Mechanical loading as well as the presence of glitter particles in the resin significantly affected ion concentrations.

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“…In fact, nickel has a high allergen potential, which can cause discoloration of adjacent soft tissues, pain or allergic reactions (Quadras et al, 2019). Therefore, all selected articles related the presence of this substance to the appearance of allergic reactions in the oral cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic Reactions in Orthodontic Patients: A Review

Alencar¹,

Sousa²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Odontostomat.

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Allergic reactions are host immune responses to endogenous or exogenous antigens, which can result in local and systemic problems. Among the main allergens are the dental materials used in orthodontics, which faces some challenges with regard to biocompatibility with oral tissues.This study aimed to analyze in the literature which materials used in orthodontics are related to the appearance of oral and perioral allergic reactions, as well as to investigate the most prevalent manifestations.An integrative review was carried out with articles published between 2010 and 2020 on the PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect on-line database. For this, MeSH descriptors and synonyms were used following two semantic fields: "Hypersensitivity" in association with "Orthodontic Appliances", the selection of studies counted with the stages of identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion. Randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional or cohort clinical trials; Patients with allergic reactions affecting the oral or perioral region due to contact with orthodontic material, were included in the review.From a total of 549 articles only 04 were selected for the study. In accordance with what has been analyzed in the evidence of these studies, periodontal changes such as gingival inflammation as well as erythema, edema, papules and blisters were the main reactions described. Furthermore, in all articles there was an association with nickel and in only one with chromium. It is possible to infer that inflammatory lesions are frequent manifestations on the use of nickel in orthodontic patients.

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In vivo study on the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum from patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Are Metal Ions That Make up Orthodontic Alloys Cytotoxic, and Do They Induce Oxidative Stress in a Yeast Cell Model?

Are Metal Ions That Make up Orthodontic Alloys Cytotoxic, and Do They Induce Oxidative Stress in a Yeast Cell Model?

In Vitro Ion Release of Wires in Removable Orthodontic Appliances

Allergic Reactions in Orthodontic Patients: A Review

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