Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidant Enzymes among Smokers and Nonsmokers

Kmk, Masthan; Saggu, Tajinder Kaur; Dudanakar, Mahesh; Nisa, Shams Ul

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1121

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, aggravated free radical damage plays a causative role in carcinogenesis due to reduced activity of antioxidants that fail to cope with elevated OS levels, as observed in our study with significant depletion of GSH levels (34).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Enzymes such as SOD are the most effective, intracellular, tumor-suppressing antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of oxygenated free radicals to less-reactive species, and therefore regulates cellular redox state and leads to tumor growth retardation (45). Peroxidase, CAT or GPx prevents carcinogenesis by converting H 2 O 2 produced by SOD into non-harmful molecular oxygen and water (34). GST, another pivotal anticancer salivary enzyme, protects initiation of carcinogenesis by detoxifying electrophilic carcinogenic intermediates and eliminating chemical carcinogens (19,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of salivary and serum lipid peroxidation, and glutathione in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Metgud

Bajaj

2014

J Oral Sci

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Lipid peroxidation induced by reactiveoxygen species (ROS) is involved in the pathogenesis of malignancy. Overall, lipid peroxidation levels are indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the most frequently used biomarker to detect oxidative changes. Antioxidant defense systems such as glutathione (GSH) limit cell injury induced by ROS. Therefore, MDA and GSH can be used to monitor oxidative stress (OS). Hence, this study aimed to evaluate and compare both salivary and serum levels of MDA and GSH in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, and healthy controls. The study included 100 subjects comprising 30 apparently healthy controls, 30 patients with oral leukoplakia and 40 clinically and histologically diagnosed patients with OSCC. Saliva and blood samples were obtained and evaluated for MDA and GSH. The study revealed enhanced MDA levels in saliva and serum in oral leukoplakia and OSCC patients as compared to controls. On the other hand, significant decreases were seen in serum and salivary GSH levels in oral leukoplakia and OSCC patients as compared to controls. Augmentation of OS in blood and saliva is reflected by increase in MDA and decrease in GSH levels, indicating that tumor processes cause an imbalance of oxidant-antioxidant status in cell structures.(J Oral Sci 56, 135-142, 2014)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of salivary and serum lipid peroxidation, and glutathione in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Metgud

Bajaj

2014

J Oral Sci

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“…Saggu et al 18 analyzed unstimulated saliva of 100 smokers by measuring the activity of salivary SOD and glutathione peroxidase and showed the a significantly higher mean value of SOD activity in the smokers’ group, while the levels of GSH-Px activity were significantly higher in the nonsmoking group. They suggested these measurements could be helpful for determining the level of oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoke and may help in patient’s education regarding the harmful effects of smoking and estimating the evolution of various oral diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity

Bakhtiari¹,

Azimi²,

Mehdipour³

et al. 2015

J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects

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Background and aims. Cigarette smoke can induce oral cancer by its free radicals and oxidative damage. Salivary anti-oxidants system is believed to have an important role in defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. This study was compared total antioxidant capacity (TAoC) of saliva in smokers and nonsmokers.Materials and methods. In this cross-sectional study, 30 male smokers with mean age of 45.23 years and 30 nonsmokers with mean age of 45.30 years participated. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected in the morning in two groups by spitting method. TAoC of saliva was measured with the special kit in two groups at the same time. Statistical analysis was performed by covariance test.Results. The mean salivary TAoC in nonsmokers (0.741±0.123 U/ml) was higher than that in smokers (0.529±0.167 U/ml). This difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion. Smoking can alter salivary antioxidant capacity.

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“…10 Cigarette smoke contains harmful components such as pyridine alkaloids, aromatic hydrocarbons and combustion gases; these can lead to the development of various life-threatening diseases. 15,16 Moreover, smoking has many side-effects which manifest in the oral mucosa, including delays in wound healing, periodontitis and premalignant and malignant oral lesions. 16 Due to the deleterious effects of smoking on the oral mucosa, associated salivary changes and the limited number of studies in this field, the aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary pH, BC and ALP activity of male smokers and healthy non-smokers in Hamadan, Iran.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Ahmadi‐Motamayel¹,

Falsafi²,

Goodarzi³

et al. 2016

SQUMJ

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abstract:Objectives: Saliva contains alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-a key intracellular enzyme related to destructive processes and cellular damage-and has buffering capacity (BC) against acids due to the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions. Smoking may have deleterious effects on the oral environment due to pH changes which can affect ALP activity. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary pH, BC and ALP activity of male smokers and healthy non-smokers. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place between August 2012 and December 2013. A total of 251 healthy male non-smokers and 259 male smokers from Hamadan, Iran, were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant and pH and BC were determined using a pH meter. Salivary enzymes were measured by spectrophotometric assay. Results: Mean salivary pH (7.42 ± 0.48 and 7.52 ± 0.43, respectively; P = 0.018) and BC (3.41 ± 0.54 and 4.17 ± 0.71; P = 0.001) was significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Mean ALP levels were 49.58 ± 23.33 IU/L among smokers and 55.11 ± 27.85 IU/L among non-smokers (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Significantly lower pH, BC and ALP levels were observed among smokers in comparison to a healthy control group. These salivary alterations could potentially be utilised as biochemical markers for the evaluation of oral tissue function and side-effects among smokers. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary components.

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Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidant Enzymes among Smokers and Nonsmokers

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of salivary and serum lipid peroxidation, and glutathione in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Evaluation of salivary and serum lipid peroxidation, and glutathione in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

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