Evaluation of Rainfall Measurements from the WXT510 Sensor for Use in the Oklahoma City Micronet

Basara, Jeffrey B.; Illston, Bradley G.; Winning, T.; Fiebrich, Christopher A.

doi:10.2174/1874282300903010039

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The sensor is also capable of distinguishing hailstones from raindrops and it was designed to be immune to flooding clogging, wetting and evaporation losses during rain measurements. This type of instrument was successfully employed to obtain reliable rainfall observations on both land and at sea [25][26][27][28]. The instrument is mounted on the central mast of the buoy about 12 m above the mean sea level.…”

Section: Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Precipitation Regime over the Ligurian Sea

Pensieri

Schiano

Picco³

et al. 2018

Water

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The regions surrounding the North West Mediterranean Sea are often sites of intense precipitation events, particularly during the autumn months. The many casualties and the high economic costs due to these events demand a continuous improvement in forecasting models in support of early warning systems. The main weather conditions that determine episodes of heavy rain over these regions are known, but the high number of processes and interactions taking place at different time and space scales makes it extremely difficult to increase the skill pertaining to their predictability. To deepen the knowledge of the phenomena, both numerical simulations and analysis of historical data sets are required. This paper presents the analysis of a five-year-long time series of rain data collected in the open Ligurian Sea from the fixed platform W1M3A and coastal stations. The analysis aims to characterize the main features of the precipitation over this area and its seasonal and annual variability. Furthermore, the work includes a description of the main atmospheric and oceanic surface parameters measured from the platform during some intense events that occurred in the period 2009-2013 and suggests to what extent offshore observations may contribute to improve the forecast of rainfall events.

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Section: Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Precipitation Regime over the Ligurian Sea

Pensieri

Schiano

Picco³

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Additional meteorological measurements were collected at six locations in and around the irrigated cotton fields ( Fig. 1) using Micronet stations [49,50]. The measurements included air temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation.…”

Section: Additional Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

On the discrepancy between eddy covariance and lysimetry-based surface flux measurements under strongly advective conditions

Alfieri

Kustas

Prueger

et al. 2012

Advances in Water Resources

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Discrepancies can arise among surface flux measurements collected using disparate techniques due to differences in both the instrumentation and theoretical underpinnings of the different measurement methods. Using data collected primarily within a pair of irrigated cotton fields as a part of the 2008 Bushland Evapotranspiration and Remote Sensing Experiment (BEAREX08), flux measurements collected with two commonly-used methods, eddy covariance (EC) and lysimetry (LY), were compared and substantial differences were found. Daytime mean differences in the flux measurements from the two techniques could be in excess of 200 W m À2 under strongly advective conditions. Three causes for this disparity were found: (i) the failure of the eddy covariance systems to fully balance the surface energy budget, (ii) flux divergence due to the local advection of warm, dry air over the irrigated cotton fields, and (iii) the failure of lysimeters to accurately represent the surface properties of the cotton fields as a whole. Regardless of the underlying cause, the discrepancy among the flux measurements underscores the difficulty in collecting these measurements under strongly advective conditions. It also raises awareness of the uncertainty associated with in situ micrometeorological measurements and the need for caution when using such data for model validation or as observational evidence to definitively support or refute scientific hypotheses.

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“…The radars are equipped with Vaisala WXT520 weather stations (Basara et al, 2009) which provide atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, as well as one minute averaged rainfall rate derived from a piezoelectric sensor. The optical disdrometer PARSIVEL 2 (hereafter Parsivel, Löffler-Mang and Joss, 2000;Tokay et al, 2014) and the rain weighing gauge PLUVIO 2 (Pluvio throughout the paper) are manufactured by OTT Hydromet GmbH, Kempten, Germany.…”

Section: In Situ Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the reflectivity calibration of W-band radars based on observations in rain

Myagkov¹,

Kneifel²,

Rose³

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. This study presents two methods to evaluate the reflectivity calibration of W-band cloud radars. Both methods use natural rain as a reference target. The first approach is based on a self-consistency method of polarimetric radar variables, which is widely used in the precipitation radar community. As previous studies pointed out, the method cannot be directly applied to higher frequencies, where non-Rayleigh scattering effects and attenuation have a non-negligible influence on radar variables. The method presented here solves this problem by using polarimetric Doppler spectra to separate backscattering and propagational effects. New fits between the separated radar variables allow to estimate the absolute radar calibration using a minimization technique. The main advantage of the self-consistency method is its less dependence on the spatial variability in radar drop-size-distribution (DSD). The estimated uncertainty of the method is 0.7 dB. The method was applied to three intense precipitation events and the retrieved reflectivity offsets were within the estimated uncertainty range. The second method is an improvement of the conventional disdrometer-based approach, where reflectivity from the lowest range gate is compared to simulated reflectivity using surface disdrometer observations. The improved method corrects first for the time-lag between surface DSD observations and the radar measurements at a certain range. In addition, the effect of evaporation of raindrops on their way towards the surface is mitigated. The disdrometer-based method was applied to 12 rain events observed by vertically-pointed W-band radar and showed repeatable estimates of the reflectivity offsets at rain rates below 4 mm/h within 0.9 dB. The proposed approaches can analogously be extended to Ka-band radars. Although very different in terms of complexity, both methods extend existing radar calibration evaluation approaches, which are inevitably needed for the growing cloud radar networks in order to provide high-quality radar observation to the atmospheric community.

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Evaluation of Rainfall Measurements from the WXT510 Sensor for Use in the Oklahoma City Micronet

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Analysis of the Precipitation Regime over the Ligurian Sea

Analysis of the Precipitation Regime over the Ligurian Sea

On the discrepancy between eddy covariance and lysimetry-based surface flux measurements under strongly advective conditions

Evaluation of the reflectivity calibration of W-band radars based on observations in rain

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