Evaluation of Rainfall and Temperature Conditions for a Perennial Crop in Tropical Wetland: A Case Study of Cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

e rainfall and temperature conditions are evaluated for the first time during the 1989-2006 period, in six main cocoa production areas (Abengourou, Agboville, Daloa, Dimbokro, Guiglo, and Soubre) of Côte d'Ivoire using data from SODEXAM (groundbased observation) and the ex-CAISTAB. Statistical analysis shows an important sensitivity of cocoa production to rainfall conditions in all regions. It is worth noting that only the major rainy season from April to July and the rainfall amount of the little dry season from August to September affect the cocoa production for an 80% confidence level. is influence varies from one cacao production area to another. Moreover, the effects related to temperature on the cocoa yield seem to represent a smaller contribution of climate impact than those related to precipitation during the studied period. e temperature change remains in the acceptable range of values, between 25°C and 29°C, which is a favorable condition for cocoa growing. ese findings are obtained despite the significant contributions from nonclimatic factors, to year-to-year variability in cocoa production.

Twenty-First Century Projected Changes in Extreme Temperature over Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

“…Côte d'Ivoire consists of three climatic zones with di erent seasonal precipitation cycles [34,40,41]: (i) the Northern zone (mainly grassy savanna) presents a unique rainy season that occurs during the boreal summer (July-August-September) with a peak of about 270 mm in August, (ii) the Central zone (forested savanna and deteriorated forest) presents two rainy seasons with two maxima in June and September, and (iii) the coastal zone (forest and swamp) also presents two rainy seasons with a major peak in June (up to 500 mm) and a second maximum, less pronounced in October (120 mm). e population in Côte d'Ivoire is estimated at more than 22 million [42], of which about 70% live off the income from agricultural activities that were affected by the climate change, particularly extremes in temperature and rainfall conditions [43]. In addition, previous studies [44][45][46] showed that during the five last decades (i.e., 1962-2012), Côte d'Ivoire faced a significant warming estimated at about 0.5°C (mean value) compared to the 1961-1990 normal period (i.e.…”

Pengaruh Iklim terhadap Produksi Kakao di Kabupaten Gunungkidul

“…Penelitian Yoroba et al (2019) menunjukkan bahwa dampak curah hujan dan kondisi suhu terhadap hasil kakao terlihat di beberapa tempat yang diamati. Peningkatan jumlah curah hujan selama musim hujan utama cenderung mengurangi hasil kakao.…”

“…Peningkatan jumlah curah hujan selama musim hujan utama cenderung mengurangi hasil kakao. Suhu dan curah hujan selama musim hujan utama dan musim kemarau kecil sangat penting untuk menjelaskan variasi produksi kakao (Yoroba et al, 2019). Dengan demikian, faktor iklim menarik untuk dikaji lebih dalam karena erat kaitannya dengan penurunan produktivitas kakao.…”

“…Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semua faktor iklim yang diamati seperti curah hujan, hari hujan, dan suhu tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi kakao di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Studi sebelumnya menemukan bahwa efek yang terkait dengan suhu pada hasil kakao tampaknya mewakili kontribusi dampak iklim yang lebih kecil daripada yang terkait dengan curah hujan selama periode studi (Yoroba et al, 2019). Selanjutnya analisis akan dilihat melalui data produksi, curah hujan, hari hujan, dan suhu tiap bulan selama 5 tahun (2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020) Tabel 4 merupakan data produksi kakao Kabupaten Gunungkidul tahun 2016-2020, dan Tabel 5 merupakan Data Curah Hujan, Hari Hujan, dan Suhu di Kabupaten Gunungkidul Tahun 2016-2020.…”

Prope legitimate rootstocks determine the selection criteria for drought-tolerant cocoa

“…Extreme rainfall fluctuations allow the plant to experience a water deficit (Mishraa and Cherkauer 2010;Bari et al 2016;Medina and Laliberte 2017) which impacts on its final production (Zlatev and Lidon 2012). Cocoa is a very sensitive plant to drought stress (Carr and Lockwood 2011;Amos and Thompson 2015;Gateau-Rey et al 2018;Santhyami et al 2018;Yoroba et al 2019). Drought stress causes seedling mortality, fruit and seed size reduction, and the increase of pest and disease attacks on cocoa (Atayese et al 2013;Longe and Oyekale 2013;Santos et al 2014;Ofori et al 2015;Gateau-Rey et al 2018).…”