Evaluation of Potential Probiotics Bacillus subtilis WB60, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactococcus lactis on Growth Performance, Immune Response, Gut Histology and Immune-Related Genes in Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary probiotic supplements in juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. A basal control diet without probiotics (CON), and five other diets by supplementing Bacillus subtilis at 107 CFU/g diet (BS7), B. subtilis (BS8), Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP8), and Lactococcus lactis (LL8) at 108 CFU/g diet, and oxytetracycline (OTC) at 4 g/kg diet were used. Whiteleg shrimp with initial body weights of 1.41 ± 0.05 g (mean ± SD) were fed with these diets. Growth of shrimp fed BS8 and LL8 diets was significantly higher than those of shrimp fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity in shrimp fed PP8 and LL8 diets was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). Lysozyme activity of shrimp fed probiotics and OTC diets significantly improved compared to those on the CON diet (p < 0.05). The intestinal histology showed healthier guts for shrimp fed the probiotic diets (p < 0.05). Immune-related gene expression in shrimp fed BS8, PP8 and LL8 diets was recorded as significantly higher than that of shrimp fed CON and OTC diets (p < 0.05). Also, results of the challenge test for 7 days and the digestive enzyme activity of shrimp fed BS8, PP8, and LL8 were significantly improved compared to those on the CON diet (p < 0.05). Therefore, these results indicated that L. lactis at 108 CFU/g could be an ideal probiotic for whiteleg shrimp, and also B. subtilis WB60 and P. pentosaceus at 108 CFU/g could improve the growth, immunity, histology, gene expression, digestive enzyme activity, and disease resistance, while replacing antibiotics.

Administration of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis induces growth, immune and antioxidant enzyme activities, gut microbiota assembly and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Among the probiotic‐treated groups, the BL3 group, which was fed with the highest dosage of probiotic BL, showed the lowest cumulative mortality. The observed results were in agreement to previously documented research (Won et al., 2020; Zokaeifar et al., 2012). The reason for the enhancement can be attributed to the highly significant relative abundances of the known beneficial bacteria, as well as the significantly lower abundances of opportunistic pathogens in the treated groups than the untreated.…”

“…LYZ attacks, hydrolyses and breaks glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycan (a component of Gram‐positive bacterial cell wall) (Li, Xu, Jin, & Li, 2015). In the current study, there were significant enhancements in the activities of GSH‐Px in both serum and hepatopancreas, SOD and LYZ in the serum of shrimps fed the BL3 diet in comparison with other groups which was in agreement with other studies (Li et al., 2012; Won et al., 2020; Zokaeifar et al., 2012).…”

Effects of utilization of Lactococcus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaseus as probiotic to improve quality of west white leg shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) postlarvae

“…According to scientific reports, in combination usage of the Bacillus licheniformis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed better performances than their separate using in the L. vannamei postlarvae diet (Swapna et al., 2015). In contrast to the growth indices and in agreement the survival rate results at this study, the use of pedicoccus pentosaseus and Lactococcus lactis in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei during the growing period for 8 weeks had significant effects on improving growth performances (Won et al., 2020). In addition, Pediococcus aidilactici has a positive effect on the blue shrimp ( L. stylirostris ) growth and survival indices in rearing period (Castex et al., 2008).…”

Pediococcus pentosaceus, a future additive or probiotic candidate

“…P. pentosaceus was found to be beneficial to mud crabs because of its bacteriostatic, immune-enhancing and growth-promoting virtues [ 68 ]. Moreover, the application of P. pentosaceus PP8 in whiteleg shrimp had the same outcomes [ 20 ]. Treatment with P. pentosaceus PP8 derived from the gut of juvenile whiteleg shrimp promoted many functions in whiteleg shrimp, such as digestive enzyme activity, disease resistance, growth and immunity.…”

“…Promoting biological growth and storage [16][17][18][19][20] Inhibit bacteria and fungi without bacteriocins or BLISs P. pentosaceus T1, P. pentosaceus Z13P, P. Surviving manmade vaginal gel and producing antibacterial bacteriocin [58,59] system of grass carp. Its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties also provided an opportunity for probiotic use in freshwater fish [19].…”