Evaluation of potassium permanganate for inactivation of bacteriophage MS‐2 in water systems

Yahya, Moyasar T.; Landeen, Lee K.; Forsthoefel, Nancy R.; Kujawa, Keith; Gerba, Charles P.

doi:10.1080/10934528909375530

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…With respect to (potassium) permanganate, it is a strong oxidizing agent used as an oxidant in in the pre-oxidation phase of a drinking-water treatment/production [433][434][435][436][437][438][439][440], as an algicide [441][442][443][444], and as a bactericide in treatment of bacterial fish diseases in fish culture ponds [445][446][447][448][449][450][451]. Deichmann and Gerarde [452] reported that potassium permanganate has a probable lethal adult dose of about 10 g. A recent EU substance evaluation document for Potassium permanganate [453] reported oral acute toxicity (LD 50 ) value of 1090 to > 2000 mg/kg of body weight and dermal acute toxicity (LD 50 ) value > 2000 mg/kg of body weight for potassium permanganate.…”

Section: Toxicity Concerns With Respect To Plausible Strategies For Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sealing Step in Aluminum Anodizing: A Focus on Sustainable Strategies for Enhancing Both Energy Efficiency and Corrosion Resistance

2020

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Increasing demands for environmental accountability and energy efficiency in industrial practice necessitates significant modification(s) of existing technologies and development of new ones to meet the stringent sustainability demands of the future. Generally, development of required new technologies and appropriate modifications of existing ones need to be premised on in-depth appreciation of existing technologies, their limitations, and desired ideal products or processes. In the light of these, published literature mostly in the past 30 years on the sealing process; the second highest energy consuming step in aluminum anodization and a step with significant environmental impacts has been critical reviewed in this systematic review. Emphasis have been placed on the need to reduce both the energy input in the anodization process and environmental implications. The implications of the nano-porous structure of the anodic oxide on mass transport and chemical reactivity of relevant species during the sealing process is highlighted with a focus on exploiting these peculiarities, in improving the quality of sealed products. In addition, perspective is provided on plausible approaches and important factors to be considered in developing sealing procedures that can minimize the energy input and environmental impact of the sealing step, and ensure a more sustainable aluminum anodization process/industry.Coatings 2020, 10, 226 2 of 55 sealing methods. Furthermore, the applicability of another hitherto popular sealing process; chromate sealing, is currently limited to essential parts in the aerospace industry due to toxicological, health, and environmental implications traced to Cr(VI) employed in the process [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. On the other hand, the advantages of another industrially utilized sealing process; the nickel fluoride (cold) sealing process is limited by the toxicity of nickel salts which narrows its range of application, and introduces added costs due to post-sealing wastewater treatments and management [17][18][19][20]. Further efforts at sealing anodized aluminum at temperatures lower than that used in hydrothermal (high temperature) sealing, have led to much variety in the chemical constitution and operating temperatures of sealing baths [21]. On the basis of temperature at which the sealing step is carried out, sealing can be classified into three major categories; high temperature, mid-temperature, and room-temperature or cold sealing. In this work sealing at temperatures from 0 to 40 • C is classified as low temperature sealing, from ≥ 40 • C to 70 • C as intermediate or mid temperature sealing, and sealing at temperatures > 70 • C as high temperature sealing.

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Section: Toxicity Concerns With Respect To Plausible Strategies For Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sealing Step in Aluminum Anodizing: A Focus on Sustainable Strategies for Enhancing Both Energy Efficiency and Corrosion Resistance

2020

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“…Coliphage MS2 has been investigated as a potential indicator for contamination of water by sewage (7), for its sensitivity to disinfectants such as chlorine and ozone (2,8,13,14), and to help establish new viral models for human pathogens (4). When treated with some disinfectants, MS2 behaves similarly to poliovirus (6), reinforcing the idea of replacing the human enterovirus assays with MS2 for studying resistance mechanisms or the virucidal activity of biocides.…”

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confidence: 99%