Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Chromolaena Odorata L. Leaf Extract against Selected Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Wounds

Abstract

Aim: To study the antibacterial effect of Chromolaena odorata extracts on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae from wounds.
 Place of Study: University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, between January and June 2019.
 Methodology: A total of 87 wound swabs were collected from patients of University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure. Air-dried and powdered C. odorata leaves were extracted using hot water, ethanol and methanol as extraction solvents and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The concentrated C. odorata extracts were purified using chromatographic techniques. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of C. odorata extracts were done by standard methods. Antibiotics susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates to a panel of ten (10) conventional antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method.
 Results: C. odorata methanolic extract had the highest extract yield (26.2%). From the multidrug resistance analysis, 66.7% of bacterial isolates tested had multidrug resistance index (MDRI) of 100%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was susceptible to 100 mg/ml of C. odorata ethanolic extract but resistant (0.00±0.00) to 100 mg/ml of hot aqueous C. odorata extract.
 Conclusion: This study reveals the inhibitory activities of C. odorata extracts on multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from wounds and an indication of their potential in the treatment of wound infection.

Determination of Antimicrobial Activity in Leaves and Flowers of Chromolaena Scabra (L. F.) R.M. King and H. Rob.

“…References [12,13] report that fluconazole and ketoconazole antifungal exhibit low growth inhibition against fungi such as A. niger and P. digitatum in contrast, our work shows that these antifungals present significant growth inhibition against the fungi used for this work.…”

Antibacterial activity test on ethanol extract fraction of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaves for multi-drug resistant organisms bacteria

“…Based on these data, the ethanol extract of C. odorata L. leaves has the potential to inhibit growth in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. These results probably indicate the presence of a bioactive component with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties (Alabi et al, 2019). According to Hanphakphoom et al (2016), ethanol solvent on C. odorata L. leaves showed good antimicrobial properties in the antibacterial activity test.…”

“…According to Hanphakphoom et al (2016), ethanol solvent on C. odorata L. leaves showed good antimicrobial properties in the antibacterial activity test. Hence the ethanol extract of C. odorata L. leaves contains secondary metabolites of phenols, saponins, tannins, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids (Alabi et al, 2019), which synergize with each other to inhibit bacterial growth.…”

“…The viscous extract was fractionated using column chromatography with 96% chloroform and ethanol as solvent. According to Alabi et al (2019), solvent mixtures with variable polarity in different ratios can be used to separate pure compounds from plant extracts. Fractionation was carried out using the mobile phase from a less polar solvent to a more polar solvent.…”

“…Several reports have examined the effects of C. odorata extract on bacterial strains of skin infections in humans (Hanphakphoom et al, 2016). A particular study (Alabi et al, 2019) have tested the C. odorata L. leaf extract against MDRO bacteria isolated from wounds, and it has been reported that crude and aqueous ethanol extract of C. odorata leaves has antimethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) properties (Okwu et al, 2014).…”