Evaluation of phosphorus mobility in soil using different extraction methods

Kulhánek, Martin; Balík, J.; Cerny, Joseph; Vaněk, V.

doi:10.17221/43/2009-pse

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The extracted P (mean value of all 50 soils) increased in the order H 2 O < CaCl 2 < LiCl < Fe-oxide P i < Olsen < CAL < CAEM < Mehlich 3 < Bray II < dithionite < organic P < HCl < oxalate < total P (Figure 1). This sequence is in accordance with findings by other authors (Fernandes et al 1999, Csathó et al 2005, Kulhánek et al 2009) and reflects different extraction mechanisms and P pools.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

A comparison of 14 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe

Unterfrauner²,

et al. 2015

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Phosphorus (P) is a central element to life on Earth. Living organisms are dependent on a persistent supply of P as it is crucially involved in most major metabolic processes, e.g. in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Likewise, plants rely on P to secure energy production in photosynthesis (Smil 2000, Ruttenberg 2009). Therefore, the fundamental significance of P in agriculture and food production is beyond question.In nature, we can identify several P pools (Smil 2000, Ruttenberg 2009). The largest P reservoir in the lithosphere occurs in marine and freshwater sediments (about 800-4000 × 10 6 Mt P). The entire phytomass (terrestrial and marine; about 570-625 Mt P) amounts to over 90% of P stored in the totality of all living organisms. Gaseous compounds of P are not stable; therefore, only an insignificant amount (0.028 Mt P) exists in the atmosphere as dust and sea spray picked up by wind erosion. The flows of P between these reservoirs are slow (one cycle may take more than 1 million years), which is caused by the low solubility of phosphate in water and the lack of an airborne reservoir.In soils, P derives mainly from weathering of the primary mineral apatite (Schlesinger 1997). The average total P in soils ranges from 200 mg/kg (in older/highly weathered soils) to 800 mg/kg (in younger/less developed soils) (Cross and ABSTRACTPhosphorus (P) fertilization is commonly based on soil testing, for which a variety of different soil P extraction methods are in use. The aim of this study was to compare 14 soil P extraction methods in terms of their extraction yield and their relation to soil properties. Fifty contrasting agricultural topsoils were sampled from Austria and Germany. The soils were extracted with the following methods/extractants: H 2 O, CaCl 2 , LiCl, Olsen, Bray and Kurtz II (Bray II), Mehlich 3, calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL), iron oxide impregnated filter papers (Fe-oxide P i ), cation and anion exchange membranes (CAEM), acid ammonium oxalate, citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite, HCl, organic P and total P. The extracted P varied over three orders of magnitude and increased in the order H 2 O < CaCl 2 < LiCl < Fe-oxide P i < Olsen < CAL < CAEM < Mehlich 3 < Bray II < dithionite < organic P < HCl < oxalate < total P. This sequence is in accordance with previous studies and reflects different extraction mechanisms and P pools. The different extraction methods were generally well correlated, especially when P extraction was achieved by a similar mechanism. The soil properties most influential on P extractability were pH, carbonate content, texture as well as iron oxide content and crystallinity. Our results show that the different extraction methods extract distinct pools of soil P with strongly varying extractability, and that the extractability of a given pool may be influenced by different soil properties to different extents. If and how these relationships translate to plant P uptake requires further examination.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

A comparison of 14 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe

Unterfrauner²,

et al. 2015

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“…These samples were dried at 408C for three days. Available N-NO 3 , N-NH 4 , and P-PO 4 were determined photometrically (540 nm) in a 1:10 (m/v) 0.01 mol/L CaCl 2 extract (Houba et al 1986, 2000, Kulha´nek et al 2009) using an auto-analyzer (Skalar Analytical, Breda, The Netherlands). K was measured in the same extract on an atomic absorption spectrometer (AA240FS; Varian, Palo Alto, California, USA).…”

Section: Soil Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil biochar amendment in a nature restoration area: effects on plant productivity and community composition

Voorde

Bezemer

Groenigen

et al. 2014

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Biochar (pyrolyzed biomass) amendment to soils has been shown to have a multitude of positive effects, e.g., on crop yield, soil quality, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration. So far the majority of studies have focused on agricultural systems, typically with relatively low species diversity and annual cropping schemes. How biochar amendment affects plant communities in more complex and diverse ecosystems that can evolve over time is largely unknown. We investigated such effects in a field experiment at a Dutch nature restoration area.In April 2011, we set up an experiment using biochar produced from cuttings collected from a local natural grassland. The material was pyrolyzed at 4008C or at 6008C. After biochar or residue (non-pyrolyzed cuttings) application (10 Mg/ha), all plots, including control (0 Mg/ ha) plots, were sown with an 18-species grassland mixture. In August 2011, we determined characteristics of the developed plant community, as well as soil nutrient status.Biochar amendment did not alter total plant productivity, but it had a strong and significant effect on plant community composition. Legumes were three times as abundant and individual legume plants increased four times in biomass in plots that received biochar as compared to the control treatment. Biomass of the most abundant forb (Plantago lanceolata) was not affected by biochar addition. Available phosphorous, potassium, and pH were significantly higher in soils that received biochar than in Control soils. The rate of biological nitrogen fixation and seed germination were not altered by biochar amendment, but the total amount of biological N fixed per Trifolium pratense (red clover) plant was more than four times greater in biochar-amended soil.This study demonstrates that biochar amendment has a strong and rapid effect on plant communities and soil nutrients. Over time these changes may cascade up to other trophic groups, including above-and belowground organisms. Our results emphasize the need for long-term studies that examine not only the short-term effects of biochar amendment, but also follow how these effects evolve over time and affect ecosystem functioning.

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“…It is one of the strongest extractants to estimate bioavailable nutrients from soils (Kulhánek et al 2009). The method is also used by many laboratories to determine multiple plant-available nutrients simultaneously.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of long-term fertilizer application on changes of the content of Mehlich-3 estimated soil macronutrients

Kulhánek¹,

Balík²,

Cerny³

et al. 2014

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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The aim of this work is to evaluate the changes of Mehlich 3 -P, K, Ca and Mg contents in soil during a long-term field experiments with sewage sludge, farmyard manure (FYM) and mineral NPK (NPK) application, compared to the control non-fertilized treatment. The experiment was established at the Humpolec and Suchdol sites (Czech Republic). Potatoes, wheat and barley were grown in crop rotation. Fertilizing system was based on the same nitrogen dose of 330 kg N/ha per one crop rotation. Archive soil samples from the beginning of the experiment (1996) and from the end of each year's crop rotation (1999, 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2011) were analyzed. In spite of the different soil-climatic conditions of the studied sites, very similar tendencies of P, K, Ca and Mg contents changes after the fertilizing systems used were observed in the soil. In case of the same nitrogen dose (330 kg N/ha), sewage sludge appeared to be better source of bioavailable soil phosphorus compared to the farmyard manure and NPK. On the contrary, FYM was a better source of bioavailable potassium and magnesium, despite the lower total magnesium content in FYM. The NPK treatment was the best long-term source of bioavailable potassium.

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Evaluation of phosphorus mobility in soil using different extraction methods

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

A comparison of 14 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe

A comparison of 14 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe

Soil biochar amendment in a nature restoration area: effects on plant productivity and community composition

Influence of long-term fertilizer application on changes of the content of Mehlich-3 estimated soil macronutrients

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