Evaluation of performance of polyamide/lead zirconate titanate composite for energy harvesters and actuators

Abstract

By means of experimental tools, we have studied the effect of lead zirconate titanate volume fraction introduced in polyamide-6/lead zirconate titanate composites on dielectric, piezoelectric, mechanical, and structural properties. As the first result, we found that the insertion of lead zirconate titanate particles makes the dielectric permittivity of the polyamide-6 matrix increases from 10 to 95.8. The dielectric property studies reveal that under an electrical field of 1 kV the remnant polarization is also increased from 0.17 to 0.4, this behavior is related to both the increase of volume fraction of lead zirconate titanate from 20% to 40% and the piezoelectric coefficient changes proportionally with that of volume fraction of lead zirconate titanate. Furthermore, piezoelectric activity increases with lead zirconate titanate particle size at a range where there is a lower order of magnitude. Finally, the uniform dispersion of the ceramic lead zirconate titanate particles in polyamide matrix has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The performances reached by polyamide-6/lead zirconate titanate composites open new horizons for energy harvesting and actuators.

Enhancement of piezoelectric β‐polymorph formation and properties of graphene oxide and PZT‐incorporated in PVDF‐HFP matrix for energy harvesting applications

“…[19] Due to its strong remanent polarization, spontaneous polarization, and high piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and dielectric characteristics, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has attracted a lot of attention. [20] This material has a higher piezoelectric constant (d 33 ) than ceramic piezoelectric materials, at about 289 m/v. [21,22] Incorporating conductive nanofillers (graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, and so on) on the other hand, is beneficial for β-phase nucleation, dipole alignment, and matrix voltage increase.…”

Improvement of the electroactiveβ-phase nucleation and piezoelectric properties of PVDF-HFP thin films influenced by TiO2 nanoparticles

“…This technology has advanced significantly and is being adopted on a larger scale since the discovery of piezoelectric polymers in the last two decades as transducers/harvesters and as one of the main building blocks of an energy harvesting system [1][2][3]. Notably, energy harvesting technology using piezoelectric materials is one such method which exploits mechanical energy from various sources when subjected to kinetic energy such as vibrations, movements, and sounds from heat waves or motor bearing noise from aircraft wings and other sources, to convert that energy into an electric current or voltage to help mitigate energy depletion all around the globe [4][5][6][7]. When mechanical energy such as an acoustic wave is applied to the piezoelectric polymer film, electrical charges are induced.…”

Flexible Smart Textile Coated by PVDF/Graphene Oxide With Excellent Energy Harvesting Toward a Novel Class of Self-Powered Sensors: Fabrication, Characterization and Measurements

“…In addition, the integration into the PVDF matrix of functional nanofillers such as barium titanate, zirconium titanate (PZT), carbon nano fillers, graphene oxide (GO), titanium (TiO2) is an effective and cost-effective method for the induction of β-polymorph. [12][13][14] The integration of intelligent materials in textile systems provides the opportunity to create textiles with a new type of behaviour and function; Power generation or storage [15], human interface elements [16], radio frequency (RF) functionality, or assistive technology [17] could be the active functionality. Wearable sensors provide a sustainable solution through leg movements for energy harvesting technologies, and other research teams are exploiting body heat.…”