Enhancement of piezoelectric β‐polymorph formation and properties of graphene oxide and PZT‐incorporated in PVDF‐HFP matrix for energy harvesting applications

Abstract

This paper presents and compares films made using the solution casting method with a mixture of poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP), graphene oxide (GO), and lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The Hummers' method synthesized GO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile testing were realized. The developed composite films were found to have a coherent distribution of PZT and GO in PVDF‐HFP. After that, a gradual improvement, such as an increase in the quantity of β phase, produces high piezoelectric performance. Also, the PVDF‐HFP polymer's thermal stability improved. When 0.1 wt% of PZT/GO was added, the melting temperature increased from 140 to 143°C, and the crystallization temperature from 109 to 113°C. PVDF‐HFP elastic modulus and tensile strength were also considerably reduced as PZT/GO increased. As a result, this has enabled us to develop composite films with important properties that can be used as piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting.

Piezoelectric nanocomposite films based on anionic waterborne polyurethane and barium titanate nanoparticle: Fabrication, microstructure, and property characterization

“…8,9 Piezoelectric materials can be inorganic ceramics, polymers, and their hybrid composites. 3,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Piezoelectric inorganic ceramics include quartz, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lithium niobate (LN, LiNbO 3 ), barium titanate (BT, BaTiO 3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc. Among them, BT is a lead-free, eco-friendly ceramic ferroelectric with a perovskite structure.…”

“…A key characteristic of a ferroelectric material is that the molecular structure is arranged in such a way that the material displays a local charge separation, which is referred to as an electric dipole 8,9 . Piezoelectric materials can be inorganic ceramics, polymers, and their hybrid composites 3,10–16 . Piezoelectric inorganic ceramics include quartz, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lithium niobate (LN, LiNbO 3 ), barium titanate (BT, BaTiO 3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.…”

Piezoelectric properties of PVDF‐TrFE/BaTiO3 composite foams with different contents of TrFE units

“…Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its derived copolymers as typical representatives of the polymer PEs were widely explored due to their flexibility, biocompatibility, and easy processing. [2][3][4][5] However, they possess lower PE constants when compared to piezoceramics which also limits their wider use.…”

“…Although various PE materials from different origins were already developed, there is a huge interest in creating new piezo systems with improved properties. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its derived copolymers as typical representatives of the polymer PEs were widely explored due to their flexibility, biocompatibility, and easy processing 2–5 . However, they possess lower PE constants when compared to piezoceramics which also limits their wider use.…”

Piezoelectric, mechanical, and crystallographic properties of polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene based composites reinforced by different dimensional carbon nanomaterials

“…Kumar et al 15 added both carbon nanotube (CNT) and ZnO to PVDF to make sensors show better piezoelectricity and durability. Libihi et al 16 added graphene oxide and lead zirconate titanate into PVDF‐HFP so that the piezoelectricity and thermal stability were the composites were improved. Hu et al 17 studied the impacts of two different types of carbon black (CB) on the piezoelectric ability of PVDF‐HFP films and found that CB with a larger specific surface area had a better enhancement effect.…”