Evaluation of performance as a function of performer's reward and attractiveness.

Lerner, Melvin J.

doi:10.1037/h0021806

Cited by 415 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The virtue justice is associated with aspects that promote a fair life and the belief that rewards are distributed based on people's contributions or the merit that have or deserve (Peter son & Seligman, 2004). These results are in line with the findings drawn from Lerner's (1965Lerner's ( , 1998 theory of a just world, which was applied in a sample with similar socio-demographic characteristics (Zubieta & Ba rreiro, 2012). This model suggests that the world is a fair place and people have what they deserve.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The relationships between character strengths and life fulfillment in the view of lay-people in Argentina

Solano¹,

Cosentino²

2017

Interd

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resUMenSe examinó la importancia de las fortalezas del carácter para el desarrollo positivo desde el punto de vista de las personas legas. Una muestra de 687 adultos evaluó la importancia de las 24 fortalezas del carácter de la clasificación Values in Action para cinco áreas: bienestar personal, metas personales, relaciones personales y laborales y contribuir a un país mejor. Se diseñó un instrumento basado en la metodología de la encuesta que estaba compuesto por 24 ítems. Cada uno evaluaba una fortaleza en cada una de las cinco áreas comentadas. La confiabilidad global del mismo fue igual a .98. Los datos se analizaron mediante la inspección de las frecuencias (por ej.: grado de respaldo a cada una de las fortalezas en relación con el desarrollo positivo), considerando aquellas fortalezas que se encontraban por encima del percentil 90. En general, los resultados han mostrado que la fortaleza del carácter honestidad es un importante recurso personal para las cinco áreas consideradas en este estudio. Específicamente, amor, honestidad y vitalidad son las fortalezas del carácter más importantes para el bienestar personal; perseverancia y autorregulación, para lograr metas vitales, honestidad y gratitud para el desarrollo de relaciones positivas; compañerismo e imparcialidad para las relaciones laborales positivas, e imparcialidad y honestidad para contribuir a un país mejor. Se analizaron las diferencias por gé-nero y edad y se encontró que las mujeres consideraban a las fortalezas mucho más importantes que los varones para la mayoría de las áreas vitales consideradas. Este estudio señala que las concepciones implícitas de las personas legas deberían ser tomadas en cuenta a la hora de diseñar estrategias de intervención positivas basadas en las fortalezas del carácter.Palabras clave: Psicología Positiva; Valores; Personas legas; Fortaleza del carácter; Desarrollo positivo. aBsTracTThe idea underlying this work is that character strengths are an essential component for achieving life fulfillment. In order to determine the extent to which strengths of character are essential to living a good life, this study was conducted from laypeople's point of view. This work took as theoret ical framework Seligman's recent theory, known under the acronym of PERMA, which proposes that human strengths are vehicles for achiev ing positive emotions, engagement (flow), enriching relationships, meaning in life, and accom plishment of personal goals. This study considered life fulfillment beyond the hedonic conception of subjective well-being emphasizing the importance of both individual and social meaning; the relationship with others; and the achieve-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The relationships between character strengths and life fulfillment in the view of lay-people in Argentina

Solano¹,

Cosentino²

2017

Interd

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“…Lord, Ross, and Lepper (1979) found that students with strong opinions about the death penalty, when exposed to research evidence on both sides of the issue, accepted evidence supporting their prior belief uncritically, while subjecting opposing evidence to much greater scrutiny. Lerner's (1965) "just world" hypothesis stated that people have a need to believe that they live in a world where people generally get what they deserve. People who suffer for no reason are a threat to this belief, so participants adjusted their moral judgments, derogating or blaming innocent victims (Lerner & Miller, 1978).…”

Section: ) the Dual Process Problem: There Is A Ubiquitous And Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment.

Haidt

2001

Psychological Review

5,595

2,499

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Research on moral judgment has been dominated by rationalist models, in which moral judgment is thought to be caused by moral reasoning. Four reasons are given for considering the hypothesis that moral reasoning does not cause moral judgment; rather, moral reasoning is usually a post-hoc construction, generated after a judgment has been reached. The social intuitionist model is presented as an alternative to rationalist models. The model is a social model in that it de-emphasizes the private reasoning done by individuals, emphasizing instead the importance of social and cultural influences. The model is an intuitionist model in that it states that moral judgment is generally the result of quick, automatic evaluations (intuitions). The model is more consistent than rationalist models with recent findings in social, cultural, evolutionary, and biological psychology, as well as anthropology and primatology.

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“…This idea is distinct from-but related to-the view that moral judgment is largely motivated by the need to evaluate other persons, which allows people to navigate their social environment in more adaptive ways (3,13,14). Another possible source of moral motivations is a broader "justice motive" (15,16), which drives people to correct moral transgressions and to seek equity and fairness. The moral dyads theory (17,18) offers a different perspective, suggesting that people alter or distort incoming moral information to cohere with a cognitive template that describes people's prototypical views of moral situations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived intent motivates people to magnify observed harms

Ames

Fiske

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Existing moral psychology research commonly explains certain phenomena in terms of a motivation to blame. However, this motivation is not measured directly, but rather is inferred from other measures, such as participants' judgments of an agent's blameworthiness. The present paper introduces new methods for assessing this theoretically important motivation, using tools drawn from animal-model research. We test these methods in the context of recent "harm-magnification" research, which shows that people often overestimate the damage caused by intentional (versus unintentional) harms. A preliminary experiment exemplifies this work and also rules out an alternative explanation for earlier harm-magnification results. Exp. 1 asks whether intended harm motivates blame or merely demonstrates the actor's intrinsic blameworthiness. Consistent with a motivational interpretation, participants freely chose blaming, condemning, and punishing over other appealing tasks in an intentional-harm condition, compared with an unintentional-harm condition. Exp. 2 also measures motivation but with converging indicators of persistence (effort, rate, and duration) in blaming. In addition to their methodological contribution, these studies also illuminate people's motivational responses to intentional harms. Perceived intent emerges as catalyzing a motivated social cognitive process related to social prediction and control.intent | motivation | harm | blame | morality

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Evaluation of performance as a function of performer's reward and attractiveness.

Cited by 415 publications

References 7 publications

The relationships between character strengths and life fulfillment in the view of lay-people in Argentina

The relationships between character strengths and life fulfillment in the view of lay-people in Argentina

The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment.

Perceived intent motivates people to magnify observed harms

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