Evaluation of particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 ,(Case study: Khash cement company, Sistan and Baluchestan)

Abstract


 Introduction: One of the most important contaminants in the cement industry are environmental suspended particles (PM2.5 and PM10), which cause respiratory and pulmonary diseases in humans.
 Materials and methods: This descriptive - analytical study was carried out in 2016-2017 on the peripheral particulate matter of Khash cement plant. Sampling was performed at 8 environmental stations of Khash Cement Company in spring, summer, fall and winter. A total of 576 samples were sampled of peripheral particulate matter.
 Results: The amount of particulate matter was PM2.5 2.82 to 24.63 μg/m3, respectively. The highest PM2.5 content was obtained in spring (24.32±2.51 μg/m3). The lowest amount of particulate matter PM2.5 in different seasons were measured in substation (P<0.05). The amount of particulate matter was PM10 19.98 to 68.22 μg/m3, respectively. The highest PM10 content was obtained in autumn (64.92±3.76 μg/m3). The lowest amount of particulate matter PM10 in spring and summer were measured in substation (P<0.05), but the lowest amounts in the autumn at the entrance door and in winter was observed in wastewater treatment.
 Conclusion: In this study, the amount of PM2.5 and PM10 peripheral particulate matter in Cement Company was lower than WHO and USEPA standard. According to the results it can be stated that the suspended particles Khash Cement Company environment for human respiration were within acceptable limits.

Dust Emission Monitoring in Cement Plant Mills: A Case Study in Romania

“…However, the order was maintained because no determinations were made in the middle of autumn or in winter. Monthly measurements could likely lead to statements such as those of Sahri et al [45] or Leone et al [46], who came to approximately the same conclusion, that the highest concentrations of PM 10 are obtained in winter, followed, in order, by the concentrations during spring and autumn and the lowest during summer (these have been confirmed by our measurements). However, it is interesting what Sanchez-Soberon states [13,47], that meteorological conditions have an important influence on the level of concentrations of material particles in the atmosphere and environment, which would require the continuation of such determinations.…”

“…Although Sahri et al [45] states that the highest concentration of PM 10 was obtained in the autumn measurements (64.92 ± 3.76 µg/m 3 ), and the lowest concentrations of PM 10 were measured in spring and summer, our measurements show that the highest PM 10 average concentrations were mainly during the spring. Still, they were below the legal limit provided by the AIM (50 µg/m 3 ).…”

NOx Reduction in a Cement Kiln with Spent Pot Lining: A Reaction Kinetics Study on HCN–NO and HNC–NO Interactions

“…To determine the reactions that are important in reducing NO x during the HCN–NO interaction, Chemkin simulations were performed, where HCN and NO were allowed to react with each other in a batch reactor. In cement kilns, the temperature in the flame zone, where NO x forms, is around 2273 K . In the kiln, the hot gas retention time is about 10 s, which means that this is the maximum amount of time available for NO x to get reduced by HCN.…”

“…In cement kilns, the temperature in the flame zone, where NO x forms, is around 2273 K . In the kiln, the hot gas retention time is about 10 s, which means that this is the maximum amount of time available for NO x to get reduced by HCN. Therefore, the batch reactor in Chemkin was simulated at 2273 K with a residence time of 10 s. For the reactor simulations in Chemkin, the temperature and pressure in the reactor were constrained.…”